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These bacteria may enable the ants to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but no genomes have been sequenced yet to test the hypothesis. Sequence reads from a member of the Rhizobiales were identified in the data collected in a genome project of the ant <jats:italic>Harpegnathos saltator<\/jats:italic>. We present an analysis of the closed 1.86\u2009Mb genome of the ant-associated bacterium, for which we suggest the species name <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic> Tokpelaia hoelldoblerii. A phylogenetic analysis reveals a relationship to <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>, which infect mammals. Novel gene acquisitions include a gene for a putative extracellular protein of more than 6,000 amino acids secreted by the type I secretion system, which may be involved in attachment to the gut epithelium. No genes for nitrogen fixation could be identified, but genes for a multi-subunit urease protein complex are present in the genome. The urease genes are also present in <jats:italic>Brucella,<\/jats:italic> which has a fecal-oral transmission pathway, but not in <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>, which use blood-borne transmission pathways. We hypothesize that the gain and loss of the urease function is related to transmission strategies and lifestyle changes in the host-associated members of the Rhizobiales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T12:46:30Z","timestamp":1481805990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Minna-Maria","family":"Neuvonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tamarit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"N\u00e4slund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Liebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Feldhaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siv G. 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