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But, the possible association of their properties with underlying<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>effects have not fully examined. Here, we assessed the comparative interaction of three GD - graphene oxide (GO), thermally reduced GO (TRGO) and chemically reduced GO (CRGO), which significantly differ in their lateral size and functional groups density, with phenotypically different human lung cells; bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and alveolar epithelial cells (A549). The cellular studies demonstrate that GD significantly ineternalize and induce oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity in both cells. The toxicity intensity was in line with the reduced lateral size and increased functional groups revealed more toxicity potential of TRGO and GO respectively. Further, A549 cells showed more susceptibility than BEAS-2B which reflected cell type dependent differential cellular response. Molecular studies revealed that GD induced differential cell death mechanism which was efficiently prevented by their respective inhibitors. This is prior study to the best of our knowledge involving TRGO for its safety evaluation which provided invaluable information and new opportunities for GD based biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]],"date-time":"2016-12-21T10:24:27Z","timestamp":1482315867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Physico-chemical properties based differential toxicity of graphene oxide\/reduced graphene oxide in human lung cells mediated through oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veeresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitesh","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalit Kumar Singh","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok Kumar","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep39548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4744","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500304f","volume":"115","author":"V Georgakilas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Georgakilas, V., Perman, J. 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