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In this study, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of palmar length-width ratio (LWR) of KBD, totally including 493 study subjects. Affymetrix Genome Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 was applied for genome-wide SNP genotyping of 90\u2009KBD patients. Association analysis was conducted by PLINK. Imputation analysis was performed by IMPUTE against the reference panel of the 1000 genome project. Two SNPs were selected for replication in an independent validation sample of 403\u2009KBD patients. In the discovery GWAS, significant association was observed between palmar LWR and rs2071358 of COL2A1 gene (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20094.68\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>). In addition, GWAS detected suggestive association signal at rs4760608 of COL2A1 gene (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20091.76\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>). Imputation analysis of COL2A1 further identified 2 SNPs with association evidence for palmar LWR. Replication study observed significant association signals at both rs2071358 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.017) and rs4760608 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.002) of COL2A1 gene. Based on previous and our study results, we suggest that COL2A1 was a likely susceptibility gene involved in the hand development failure of KBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T10:06:26Z","timestamp":1483697186000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genome-wide association study identifies COL2A1 locus involved in the hand development failure of Kashin-Beck disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jingcan","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuiyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep40020_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391604","volume":"339","author":"R Moreno-Reyes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moreno-Reyes, R. et al. 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