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Soft tissue injury was induced in rat leg muscles using a strike hammer, followed by intraperitoneal administration of HSYA at 16, 32, or 64\u2009mg\/kg. After 24\u2009h, the rats were anaesthetized, blood and muscle samples were taken. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1\u03b2, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total RNA and protein were isolated from muscle tissue to determine the mRNA levels of <jats:italic>IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, vascular cell adhesion molecule (<jats:italic>VCAM)-1<\/jats:italic>, and intercellular adhesion molecule (<jats:italic>ICAM)-1<\/jats:italic>, and the protein level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB expression was determined by muscle histopathology and immunohistochemistry. HSYA attenuated pathologic changes instrike-induced soft tissue inflammation. Treatment with HSYA also alleviated strike-induced increases in <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, VCAM-1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ICAM-1<\/jats:italic>mRNA levels and inhibited the increased activation of NF-\u03baB and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in muscle tissue. These findings suggest that HSYA effectively inhibits strike-induced inflammatory signal transduction in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T10:24:23Z","timestamp":1484130263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in acute soft tissue injury"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjiang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoxia","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep40584_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263258","volume":"14","author":"MA Frick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frick, M. 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