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Here, we evaluated the value of DNI in predicting acute pyelonephritis (APN) or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using the data of 288 patients. Conventional inflammatory markers (white blood cell [WBC] count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP]), and DNI were measured. WBC, CRP, ESR and DNI were higher in APN than in lower UTI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Multiple logistic-regression analyses showed that DNI was a predictive factor for areas of lack of uptake on dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) was also high for DNI (0.622, 95% CI 0.558\u20130.687, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) as well as for CRP (0.731, 95% CI 0.673\u20130.789, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) for the prediction of DMSA defects. DNI demonstrated the highest area under the ROC curve for diagnosis of VUR (0.620, 95% CI 0.542\u20130.698, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). To the best of our knowledge, this is a first study demonstrating that DNI can be used as a diagnostic marker to distinguish APN from lower UTI and function as a diagnostic marker indicative of VUR compared to other conventional markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T11:24:38Z","timestamp":1486466678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The value of delta neutrophil index in young infants with febrile urinary tract infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jung Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Heon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keum Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kronbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Eisenhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Il","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep41265_CR1","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for, W. s. & Children\u2019s, H. 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