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In this study, a rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>) mutant exhibiting impairment in early chloroplast development (<jats:italic>seedling leaf albino (sla<\/jats:italic>)) was isolated from a filial generation via hybridization breeding. The <jats:italic>sla<\/jats:italic> mutant seedlings have an aberrant form of chloroplasts, which resulted in albinism at the first and second leaves; however, the leaf sheath was green. The mutant gradually turned green after the two-leaf stage, and the third leaf was a normal shade of green. Map-based cloning indicated that the gene <jats:italic>OsBT1-3<\/jats:italic>, which belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF), is responsible for the <jats:italic>sla<\/jats:italic> mutant phenotype. <jats:italic>OsBT1-3<\/jats:italic> expression was high in the young leaves, decreased after the two-leaf stage, and was low in the sheath, and these findings are consistent with the recovery of a number of chloroplasts in the third leaf of <jats:italic>sla<\/jats:italic> mutant seedlings. The results also showed that OsBT1-3-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) was targeted to the chloroplast, and a Western blot assay using a peptide-specific antibody indicated that OsBT1-3 localizes to the chloroplast envelope. We also demonstrated that OsBT1-3 functions as a unidirectional transporter of adenine nucleotides. Based on these findings, OsBT1-3 likely acts as a plastid nucleotide uniporter and is essential for chloroplast development in rice leaves at the young seedling stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T10:34:16Z","timestamp":1485772456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification and Characterization of a Plastidic Adenine Nucleotide Uniporter (OsBT1-3) Required for Chloroplast Development in the Early Leaf Stage of Rice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Daoheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep41355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105421","volume":"57","author":"R Zrenner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zrenner, R., Stitt, M., Sonnewald, U. & Boldt, R. 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