{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:26:49Z","timestamp":1776216409680,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The forced oscillation technique provides information concerning respiratory impedance, which comprises resistance and reactance of the respiratory system. However, its relationship with morphological changes of the lungs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. Respiratory impedance and spirometric data were evaluated in 98 patients with COPD and 49 reference subjects. Wall thickness (WT) and airway intraluminal area (Ai) of third- to sixth-generation bronchi, and percentage low-attenuation area with less than \u2212950 HU (%LAA) of lungs were measured using three-dimensional computed tomography. COPD patients had higher respiratory impedance, decreased Ai, and increased %LAA compared with reference subjects. Indices of respiratory resistance and reactance and forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009second (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) were correlated with Ai, and the association between percent predicted FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and Ai was predominant in distal bronchi. The difference in respiratory resistance between 5\u2009Hz and 20\u2009Hz (R5\u2013R20) and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC) were correlated with WT. The %LAA was correlated with the FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC ratio and respiratory reactance. Airway function measurements with the forced oscillation technique provide complementary information to spirometry in COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T11:54:23Z","timestamp":1486554863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Respiratory impedance is correlated with morphological changes in the lungs on three-dimensional CT in patients with COPD"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Masato","family":"Karayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Inui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironao","family":"Hozumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Furuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dai","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR1","unstructured":"The Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2016 (Date of access: 30\/07\/2016) Available from: http:\/\/goldcopd.org\/ (2016)."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032158","volume":"350","author":"JC Hogg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hogg, J. C. et al. The Nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 350, 2654\u20132653 (2004).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106955","volume":"365","author":"JE McDonough","year":"2011","unstructured":"McDonough, J. E. et al. Small-airway obstruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 365, 1567\u20131575 (2011).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9907120","volume":"162","author":"Y Nakano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakano, Y. et al. Computed tomographic measurements of airway dimensions and emphysema in smokers correlation with lung function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162, 1102\u20131108 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2353040121","volume":"235","author":"P Berger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berger, P. et al. Airway wall thickness in cigarette smokers: quantitative thin-section CT assessment. Radiology 235, 1055\u20131064 (2005).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1578","volume":"185","author":"ZA Aziz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aziz, Z. A. et al. Functional impairment in emphysema: Contribution of airway abnormalities and distribution of parenchymal disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 185, 1509\u20131515 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-037OC","volume":"173","author":"M Hasegawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hasegawa, M. et al. Airflow limitation and airway dimensions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173, 1309\u20131315 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200712-1776OC","volume":"177","author":"HO Coxson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coxson, H. O. et al. Airway wall thickness assessed using computed tomography and optical coherence tomography. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177, 1201\u20131206 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200806-057QC","volume":"5","author":"HO Coxson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coxson, H. O. Quantitative computed tomography assessment of airway wall dimensions: current status and potential applications for phenotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 5, 940\u2013945 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.103671","volume":"64","author":"M Hasegawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hasegawa, M. et al. Relationship between improved airflow limitation and changes in airway calibre induced by inhaled anticholinergic agents in COPD. Thorax 64, 332\u2013338 (2009).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2013.01.005","volume":"26","author":"H Yasui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yasui, H. et al. Multidetector-row computed tomography assessment of adding budesonide\/formoterol to tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 26, 336\u201341 (2013).","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1875","volume":"146","author":"S Bickel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bickel, S., Popler, J., Lesnick, B. & Eid, N. Impulse oscillometry: Interpretation and practical applications. Chest 146, 841\u2013847 (2014).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00089403","volume":"22","author":"E Oostveen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oostveen, E. et al. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments. Eur. Respir. J. 22, 1026\u20131041 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.5876","volume":"55","author":"T Shirai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shirai, T. & Kurosawa, H. Clinical application of the forced oscillation technique. Intern. Med. 55, 559\u201366 (2016).","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.08.017","volume":"185","author":"SC Timmins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Timmins, S. C. et al. Day-to-day variability of oscillatory impedance and spirometry in asthma and COPD. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 185, 416\u2013424 (2013).","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-14-23","volume":"14","author":"M Mikamo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mikamo, M. et al. Predictors of expiratory flow limitation measured by forced oscillation technique in COPD. BMC Pulm. Med. 14, 23 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2011.626818","volume":"8","author":"K Mori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mori, K. et al. Colored 3-dimensional analyses of respiratory resistance and reactance in COPD and asthma. COPD 8, 456\u2013463 (2011).","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR18","first-page":"1191","volume":"10","author":"R Pisi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pisi, R. et al. Small airway dysfunction and flow and volume bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 10, 1191\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.07.014","volume":"103","author":"U Kolsum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kolsum, U. et al. Impulse oscillometry in COPD: Identification of measurements related to airway obstruction, airway conductance and lung volumes. Respir. Med. 103, 136\u2013143 (2009).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S78332","volume":"10","author":"K Jetmalani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jetmalani, K. et al. Expiratory flow limitation relates to symptoms during COPD exacerbations requiring hospital admission. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 10, 939\u2013945 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.10.004","volume":"108","author":"SC Timmins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Timmins, S. C. et al. Changes in oscillatory impedance and nitrogen washout with combination fluticasone\/salmeterol therapy in COPD. Respir. Med. 108, 344\u2013350 (2014).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2013.02.006","volume":"51","author":"H Shinke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shinke, H. et al. Visualized changes in respiratory resistance and reactance along a time axis in smokers: A cross-sectional study. Respir. Investig. 51, 166\u2013174 (2013).","journal-title":"Respir. Investig"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.04.010","volume":"106","author":"S Frantz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frantz, S. et al. Impulse oscillometry may be of value in detecting early manifestations of COPD. Respir. Med. 106, 1116\u20131123 (2012).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2011.06.002","volume":"24","author":"T Abe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abe, T. et al. Effects of inhaled tiotropium plus transdermal tulobuterol versus tiotropium alone on impulse oscillation system (IOS)-assessed measures of peripheral airway resistance and reactance, lung function and quality of life in patients with COPD: A randomized crossover study. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 24, 617\u2013624 (2011).","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0913","volume":"132","author":"BW Oppenheimer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oppenheimer, B. W. et al. Distal airway function in symptomatic subjects with normal spirometry following world trade center dust exposure. Chest 132, 1275\u20131282 (2007).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00046804","volume":"23","author":"RL Dellac\u00e0","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dellac\u00e0, R. L. et al. Detection of expiratory flow limitation in COPD using the forced oscillation technique. Eur. Respir. J. 23, 232\u2013240 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00089403","volume":"22","author":"E Oostveen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oostveen, E. et al. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments. Eur. Respir. J. 22, 1026\u20131041 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2015.09.002","volume":"220","author":"T Akita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akita, T. et al. Association of the forced oscillation technique with negative expiratory pressure in COPD. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 220, 62\u201368 (2016).","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2014-0436","volume":"93","author":"SA Bhatawadekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatawadekar, S. A., Leary, D. & Maksym, G. N. Modelling resistance and reactance with heterogeneous airway narrowing in mild to severe asthma. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 93, 207\u2013214 (2015).","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011001200014","volume":"66","author":"KKD Silva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Silva, K. K. D., Lopes, A. J., Jansen, J. M. & Melo, P. L. de. Total inspiratory and expiratory impedance in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinics 66, 2085\u20132091 (2011).","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2015(07)01","volume":"70","author":"K Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva, K., Faria, A., Lopes, A. & Melo, P. Within-breath respiratory impedance and airway obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinics 70, 461\u2013469 (2015).","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm030626","volume":"350","author":"H Kurosawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kurosawa, H. & Kohzuki, M. Images in Clinical Medicine. Dynamic airway narrowing. N. Engl. J. Med. 350, 1036 (2004).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12535","volume":"20","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasegawa, K. et al. Emphysema and airway disease affect within-breath changes in respiratory resistance in COPD patients. Respirology 20, 775\u2013781 (2015).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S30399","volume":"7","author":"Y Yamauchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamauchi, Y., Kohyama, T., Jo, T. & Nagase, T. Dynamic change in respiratory resistance during inspiratory and expiratory phases of tidal breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 7, 259\u201369 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep41709_CR35","unstructured":"Guidelines of Respiratory Function Tests: spirometry, flow-volume curve, and diffusion capacity of the lung. (ed. The Japanese Respiratory Society) 2\u201323 (Tokyo, 2004)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep41709.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep41709","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep41709.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T20:53:52Z","timestamp":1671828832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep41709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep41709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep41709","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41709"}}