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Currently, there are no existing optic nerve treatment methods for disease or trauma that result in permanent vision loss. Demyelinating optic nerve inflammation, termed optic neuritis, induces permanent visual dysfunction due to retinal ganglion cell damage in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. ST266, the biological secretome of Amnion-derived Multipotent Progenitor cells, contains multiple anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Intranasally administered ST266 accumulated in rodent eyes and optic nerves, attenuated visual dysfunction, and prevented retinal ganglion cell loss in experimental optic neuritis, with reduced inflammation and demyelination. Additionally, ST266 reduced retinal ganglion cell death<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Neuroprotective effects involved oxidative stress reduction, SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial function promotion, and pAKT signaling. Intranasal delivery of neuroprotective ST266 is a potential novel, noninvasive therapeutic modality for the eyes, optic nerves and brain. 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Noveome holds the following U.S. Patents: 8,088,732 and 8,741,646; the following foreign Patents: EP 1864132, JP 5017253, CN ZL200680019392.X, CA 2602684, CN ZL2008800110113.X; and has filed US Applications: 61\/768,437, 14\/183,780, 62\/175,239, 15\/180,855, 61\/911,653, 61\/911,660, 14\/556,300; and International Application: PCT\/US2016\/37217","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41768"}}