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In vertebrates, 10 Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel genes, grouped in 3 families (<jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>1, Ca<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>), have been described and characterized. Insects possess only one member of each family. These genes have been isolated in a limited number of species and very few have been characterized although, in addition to their crucial role, they may represent a collateral target for neurotoxic insecticides. We have isolated the 3 genes coding for the 3 Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels expressed in <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>. This work provides the first detailed characterization of the honeybee T-type Ca<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>3 Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel and demonstrates the low toxicity of inhibiting this channel. Comparing Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> currents recorded in bee neurons and myocytes with Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> currents recorded in Xenopus oocytes expressing the honeybee <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic> gene suggests native expression in bee muscle cells only. High\u2010voltage activated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels could be recorded in the somata of different cultured bee neurons. These functional data were confirmed by <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization, immunolocalization and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> analysis of the effects of a Ca<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>3 inhibitor. The biophysical and pharmacological characterization and the tissue distribution of Ca<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>3 suggest a role in honeybee muscle function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T10:19:13Z","timestamp":1485944353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Honeybee locomotion is impaired by Am-CaV3 low voltage-activated Ca2+ channel antagonist"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Rousset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Cens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bastin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Massou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Menard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-B.","family":"Thibaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Charreton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vignes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chahine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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