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Severe septicemic melioidosis is associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. IL-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine, which in other infections can control the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but its role in melioidosis has not been addressed. Here, whole blood of healthy seropositive individuals (n\u2009=\u200975), living in N. E. Thailand was co-cultured with\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and production of IL-10 and IFN-\u03b3 detected and the cellular sources identified. CD3\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocytes were the main source of IL-10. Neutralization of IL-10 increased IFN-\u03b3, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 production and improved bacteria killing. IFN-\u03b3 production and microbicidal activity were impaired in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In contrast, IL-10 production was unimpaired in individuals with DM, resulting in an IL-10 dominant cytokine balance. Neutralization of IL-10 restored the IFN-\u03b3 response of individuals with DM to similar levels observed in healthy individuals and improved killing of\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These results demonstrate that monocyte derived IL-10 acts to inhibit potentially protective cell mediated immune responses against\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei,<\/jats:italic>\n                    but may also moderate the pathological effects of excessive cytokine production during sepsis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T05:06:55Z","timestamp":1487567215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Interleukin 10 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and killing of Burkholderia pseudomallei"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Kessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darawan","family":"Rinchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chidchamai","family":"Kewcharoenwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnone","family":"Nithichanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Biggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Hawrylowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Bancroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganjana","family":"Lertmemongkolchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep42791_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0038","volume":"82","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Limmathurotsakul, D. et al. 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