{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:59:18Z","timestamp":1787003958790,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis of prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) among rural couples was conducted between 2010 and 2014. Serologic HBV markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg), were tested. Primary outcome of interest comprised HBsAg positivity in couples (both positive: F+M+, only wife positive: F+M\u2212, only husband positive: F\u2212M+), and secondary outcome consisted of prevalence and risk factors of HBsAg positivity among husbands or wives. Of 14,816,300 couples included, 0.7% were F+M+; 6.3% were F\u2212M+; 4.4% were F+M\u2212, resulting in the overall seroprevalence of 11.4%. Individually, 6.1% were HBsAg positive with a higher rate seen in husbands (7.0%) than in wives (5.2%). Wife\u2019s HBeAg(+)\/HBsAg (+) (AOR\u2009=\u20092.61), HBeAg(\u2212)\/HBsAg (+) (AOR\u2009=\u20092.23), positivity of syphilis (AOR\u2009=\u20091.50), living in a high-risk region (AOR\u2009=\u20091.46) were significantly predictors of HBsAg positivity in husbands. Prevalence and predictors of HBsAg positivity in wives had similar results. Our data show a high burden and discordant pattern of HBV infection in rural couples, and partner\u2019s double positivity of HBeAg and HBsAg was the most significant factor of HBV infection in couples. A comprehensive strategy that emphasizes vaccination and education is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T10:01:03Z","timestamp":1487671263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Status of HBsAg seroprevalence in 15 million rural couples in China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao-Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenrad E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Ping","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hai","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuo-Qi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Guang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du-Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong-Jun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Na","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X","volume":"386","author":"A Schweitzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schweitzer, A., Horn, J., Mikolajczyk, R. T., Krause, G. & Ott, J. J. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet (London, England) 386, 1546\u20131555 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28109","volume":"63","author":"H Roberts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberts, H. et al. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988-2012. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 63, 388\u2013397 (2016).","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR3","unstructured":"Haub, C. & Kaneda, T. 2013 World Population Data Sheet (2013). Available at: http:\/\/www.prb.org\/pdf13\/2013-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf (Accessed: June 30 2016)."},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.048","volume":"27","author":"X Liang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liang, X. et al. Epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B in China\u2013declining HBV prevalence due to hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine 27, 6550\u20136557 (2009).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00158-9","volume":"15","author":"CL Thio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thio, C. L., Guo, N., Xie, C., Nelson, K. E. & Ehrhardt, S. Global elimination of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B: revisiting the current strategy. The Lancet. Infectious diseases 15, 981\u2013985 (2015).","journal-title":"The Lancet. Infectious diseases"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR6","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of People\u2019s Republic of China. 2006\u20132010 National Guidelines for Hepatitis B Prevention and Treatment (2006).Avaiable at: http:\/\/www.moh.gov.cn\/mohbgt\/pw10603\/200804\/27587.shtml (Accessed: June 30 2016)."},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR7","unstructured":"Progress in hepatitis B prevention through universal infant vaccination\u2013China, 1997\u20132006. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 56, 441\u2013445 (2007)."},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR8","unstructured":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Distribution of hepatitis by age groups (2016). Available at: http:\/\/www.phsciencedata.cn\/Share\/ky_sjml.jsp?id=8defcfc2-b9a4-4225-b92c-ebb002321cea (Accessed: June 30 2016)."},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"54","author":"EE Mast","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mast, E. E. et al. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States. MMWR 54, 1\u201332 (2005).","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380100081024","volume":"256","author":"MJ Alter","year":"1986","unstructured":"Alter, M. J. et al. Hepatitis B virus transmission between heterosexuals. Jama 256, 1307\u20131310 (1986).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70245-7","volume":"13","author":"L Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. HIV prevalence in China: integration of surveillance data and a systematic review. The Lancet. Infectious diseases 13, 955\u2013963 (2013).","journal-title":"The Lancet. Infectious diseases"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR12","first-page":"f4503","volume":"347","author":"Y Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. The next step in c\u03b5ontrolling HBV In China. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 347, f4503 (2013).","journal-title":"China. BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9675-4","volume":"10","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarin, S. K. et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update. Hepatology international 10, 1\u201398 (2016).","journal-title":"Hepatology international"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2015.01.005","volume":"369","author":"L Zou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zou, L., Ruan, S. & Zhang, W. On the sexual transmission dynamics of hepatitis B virus in China. Journal of theoretical biology 369, 1\u201312 (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of theoretical biology"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.11.1510","volume":"290","author":"MR Golden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Golden, M. R., Marra, C. M. & Holmes, K. K. Update on syphilis: resurgence of an old problem. Jama 290, 1510\u20131514 (2003).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"BFsrep42822_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2010.11.006","volume":"85","author":"OK Chan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chan, O. K., Lao, T. T., Suen, S. S., Lau, T. K. & Leung, T. Y. Knowledge on hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in a high endemicity area. Patient education and counseling 85, 516\u2013520 (2011).","journal-title":"Patient education and counseling"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep42822.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep42822","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep42822.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T20:18:11Z","timestamp":1671826691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep42822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep42822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42822","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"42822"}}