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It is, however, unknown whether repellents are effective against ZIKV-infected mosquitoes, in part because of the ethical concerns related to exposing a human subject\u2019s arm to infected mosquitoes in the standard arm-in-cage assay. We used a previously developed, human subject-free behavioural assay, which mimics a human subject to evaluate the top two recommended insect repellents. Our measurements showed that DEET provided significantly higher protection than picaridin provided against noninfected, host-seeking females of the southern house mosquito, <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>, and the yellow fever mosquito, <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti.<\/jats:italic> When tested at lower doses, we observed a significant reduction in DEET-elicited protection against ZIKV-infected yellow fever mosquitoes from old and recent laboratory colonies. The reduction in protection is more likely associated with aging than the virus infection and could be compensated by applying a 5x higher dose of DEET. A substantial protection against ZIKV-infected and old noninfected mosquitoes was achieved with 5% DEET, which corresponds approximately to a 30% dose in the conventional arm-in-cage assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T10:11:36Z","timestamp":1487239896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Does Zika virus infection affect mosquito response to repellents?"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Walter S.","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela M. 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