{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:15:46Z","timestamp":1786364146510,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we investigated the relationship between local bacterial colonization and anti-bacterial immune responses in pre-school asthmatic and control children within the EU-wide study PreDicta. In this cohort of pre-school asthmatic children, nasopharyngeal colonization with Gram-negative bacteria such as <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> was found to be associated with the highest interferon beta (IFN\u03b2) and IL-33 levels in the nasal pharyngeal fluids (NPF). IL33R-ST2 was found induced in the blood of asthmatic children with additional Gram\u2009+\u2009bacteria in the nasopharynx (Gr+\/\u2212). Furthermore, asthmatic children had more episodes of infection that required antibiotic therapy than the control group. Treatment with antibiotics associated with reduced ST2 in blood cells of both asthmatic and control children and reduced IL-33 levels in the airways of asthmatic children. In the absence of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus (S.) aureus<\/jats:italic> in NPF, antibiotic therapy associated with decreased IL-33 levels in the NPF and lower ST2 values in the blood of control children but not of asthmatic children. These data suggest that, in asthmatic children, Gram- bacteria, which persist after antibiotic therapy, contributes to IL-33 locally and associated with Gr\u2009+\u2009bacteria colonization in the airways, inhibited IFN-\u03b2 and in the absence <jats:italic>of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus,<\/jats:italic> induced ST2 bearing cells in their blood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T07:52:48Z","timestamp":1488786768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["IL-33\/ST2 immune responses to respiratory bacteria in pediatric asthma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Isabell","family":"Hentschke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Graser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker O.","family":"Melichar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodor","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Kro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Haag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Xepapadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos G.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susetta","family":"Finotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.048","volume":"127","author":"YJ Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang, Y. J. et al. Airway microbiota and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with suboptimally controlled asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 127, 372\u2013381, e371\u2013373, doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.048 (2011).","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2801","volume":"10","author":"MR Edwards","year":"2012","unstructured":"Edwards, M. R., Bartlett, N. W., Hussell, T., Openshaw, P. & Johnston, S. L. The microbiology of asthma. Nat Rev Microbiol 10, 459\u2013471, doi: 10.1038\/nrmicro2801 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2768","volume":"18","author":"PG Holt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holt, P. G. & Sly, P. D. Viral infections and atopy in asthma pathogenesis: new rationales for asthma prevention and treatment. Nature medicine 18, 726\u2013735, doi: 10.1038\/nm.2768 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01031.x","volume":"242","author":"ML Gavala","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gavala, M. L., Bertics, P. J. & Gern, J. E. Rhinoviruses, allergic inflammation, and asthma. Immunological reviews 242, 69\u201390, doi: 10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01031.x (2011).","journal-title":"Immunological reviews"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052632","volume":"357","author":"H Bisgaard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bisgaard, H. et al. Childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates. The New England journal of medicine 357, 1487\u20131495, doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa052632 (2007).","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2871","volume":"10","author":"E von Mutius","year":"2010","unstructured":"von Mutius, E. & Vercelli, D. Farm living: effects on childhood asthma and allergy. Nature reviews. Immunology 10, 861\u2013868, doi: 10.1038\/nri2871 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007302","volume":"364","author":"MJ Ege","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ege, M. J. et al. Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma. The New England journal of medicine 364, 701\u2013709, doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1007302 (2011).","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.067","volume":"130","author":"D Heederik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heederik, D. & von Mutius, E. Does diversity of environmental microbial exposure matter for the occurrence of allergy and asthma? The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 130, 44\u201350, doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.067 (2012).","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00207.x","volume":"202","author":"C Bogdan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bogdan, C., Mattner, J. & Schleicher, U. The role of type I interferons in non-viral infections. Immunological reviews 202, 33\u201348, doi: 10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00207.x (2004).","journal-title":"Immunological reviews"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.007","volume":"25","author":"DB Stetson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stetson, D. B. & Medzhitov, R. Type I interferons in host defense. Immunity 25, 373\u2013381, doi: 10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.007 (2006).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01478.x","volume":"12","author":"KM Monroe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Monroe, K. M., McWhirter, S. M. & Vance, R. E. Induction of type I interferons by bacteria. Cellular microbiology 12, 881\u2013890, doi: 10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01478.x (2010).","journal-title":"Cellular microbiology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70261-3","volume":"2","author":"H Makrinioti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makrinioti, H., Toussaint, M., Jackson, D. J., Walton, R. P. & Johnston, S. L. Role of interleukin 33 in respiratory allergy and asthma. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2, 226\u2013237, doi: 10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70261-3 (2014).","journal-title":"The Lancet. Respiratory medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3308","volume":"17","author":"CU Duerr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duerr, C. U. et al. Type I interferon restricts type 2 immunopathology through the regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nature immunology 17, 65\u2212+, doi: 10.1038\/ni.3308 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.046","volume":"123","author":"E von Mutius","year":"2009","unstructured":"von Mutius, E. Gene-environment interactions in asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 123, 3\u201311; quiz 12\u201313, doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.046 (2009).","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000036","volume":"14","author":"A Beigelman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beigelman, A., Weinstock, G. M. & Bacharier, L. B. The relationships between environmental bacterial exposure, airway bacterial colonization, and asthma. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 14, 137\u2013142, doi: 10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000036 (2014).","journal-title":"Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008578","volume":"5","author":"M Hilty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hilty, M. et al. Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways. PloS one 5, e8578, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0008578 (2010).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.11.013","volume":"131","author":"PR Marri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marri, P. R., Stern, D. A., Wright, A. L., Billheimer, D. & Martinez, F. D. Asthma-associated differences in microbial composition of induced sputum. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 131, 346\u2013352, e341\u2013343, doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.11.013 (2013).","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2011.3.2.81","volume":"3","author":"K Oboki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oboki, K., Nakae, S., Matsumoto, K. & Saito, H. IL-33 and Airway Inflammation. Allergy, asthma & immunology research 3, 81\u201388, doi: 10.4168\/aair.2011.3.2.81 (2011).","journal-title":"Allergy, asthma & immunology research"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-2042LE","volume":"191","author":"RK Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar, R. K. & Herbert, C. IL-33-dependent type 2 inflammation in asthma exacerbations. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 191, 237\u2013238, doi: 10.1164\/rccm.201411-2042LE (2015).","journal-title":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.052","volume":"135","author":"MF Davis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davis, M. F., Peng, R. D., McCormack, M. C. & Matsui, E. C. Staphylococcus aureus colonization is associated with wheeze and asthma among US children and young adults. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 135, 811\u2013813, e815, doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.052 (2015).","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(03)70044-X","volume":"111","author":"C Bachert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bachert, C. et al. IgE to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in serum is related to severity of asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 111, 1131\u20131132 (2003).","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/0000100897","volume":"93","author":"C Bachert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bachert, C., Gevaert, P., Zhang, N., van Zele, T. & Perez-Novo, C. Role of staphylococcal superantigens in airway disease. Chemical immunology and allergy 93, 214\u2013236, doi: 10.1159\/0000100897 (2007).","journal-title":"Chemical immunology and allergy"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90980-X","volume":"56","author":"J White","year":"1989","unstructured":"White, J. et al. The V beta-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: stimulation of mature T cells and clonal deletion in neonatal mice. Cell 56, 27\u201335 (1989).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15647","volume":"527","author":"WD Hardt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hardt, W. D. Antibiotics: Homed to the hideout. Nature 527, 309\u2013310, doi: 10.1038\/nature15647 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR25","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance (2014)."},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16057","volume":"527","author":"SM Lehar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lehar, S. M. et al. Novel antibody-antibiotic conjugate eliminates intracellular S. aureus. Nature 527, 323\u2013328, doi: 10.1038\/nature16057 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ananda Mirchandani, R. S., Foo Liew. Rapamycin inhibits IL-33-induced airway inflammation. European Respiratory Journal (2011).","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.35"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2711","volume":"10","author":"M Saraiva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saraiva, M. & O\u2019Garra, A. The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells. Nature reviews. Immunology 10, 170\u2013181, doi: 10.1038\/nri2711 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00010-8","volume":"1","author":"O Takeuchi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takeuchi, O. & Akira, S. Toll-like receptors; their physiological role and signal transduction system. International immunopharmacology 1, 625\u2013635 (2001).","journal-title":"International immunopharmacology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5375","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5375","volume":"178","author":"YK Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim, Y. K. et al. Airway exposure levels of lipopolysaccharide determine type 1 versus type 2 experimental asthma. J Immunol 178, 5375\u20135382 (2007).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.9.4524","volume":"168","author":"K Dabbagh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dabbagh, K., Dahl, M. E., Stepick-Biek, P. & Lewis, D. B. Toll-like receptor 4 is required for optimal development of Th2 immune responses: role of dendritic cells. J Immunol 168, 4524\u20134530 (2002).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1050","volume":"5","author":"EK Brint","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brint, E. K. et al. ST2 is an inhibitor of interleukin 1 receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and maintains endotoxin tolerance. Nature immunology 5, 373\u2013379, doi: 10.1038\/ni1050 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.11.016","volume":"184","author":"JR Weber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weber, J. R. & Tuomanen, E. I. Cellular damage in bacterial meningitis: an interplay of bacterial and host driven toxicity. Journal of neuroimmunology 184, 45\u201352, doi: 10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.11.016 (2007).","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1080","volume":"134","author":"OE Savenije","year":"2014","unstructured":"Savenije, O. E. et al. Association of IL33-IL-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) pathway polymorphisms with wheezing phenotypes and asthma in childhood. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 134, 170\u2013177, doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1080 (2014).","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328364e9fe","volume":"13","author":"A Tsicopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsicopoulos, A., de Nadai, P. & Glineur, C. Environmental and genetic contribution in airway epithelial barrier in asthma pathogenesis. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 13, 495\u2013499, doi: 10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328364e9fe (2013).","journal-title":"Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003554","volume":"189","author":"SK Polumuri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polumuri, S. K. et al. Transcriptional Regulation of Murine IL-33 by TLR and Non-TLR Agonists. J Immunol 189, 50\u201360, doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.1003554 (2012).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201222","volume":"190","author":"M Parcina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parcina, M. et al. Pathogen-triggered activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells induces IL-10-producing B cells in response to Staphylococcus aureus. J Immunol 190, 1591\u20131602, doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.1201222 (2013).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep43426_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201232","volume":"191","author":"AN Thorburn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thorburn, A. N. et al. Pneumococcal components induce regulatory T cells that attenuate the development of allergic airways disease by deviating and suppressing the immune response to allergen. J Immunol 191, 4112\u20134120, doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.1201232 (2013).","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/srep46897","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503532800000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep43426.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep43426","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep43426.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T20:00:47Z","timestamp":1671825647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep43426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep43426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep43426","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/srep46897","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2017","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2017","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Erratum","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 43426; published online: 06 March 2017; updated: 24 August 2017. This Article contains an error in the Author Information section, where the following statement was omitted: \u201cThe present work was performed in fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree \u201cDr.","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"43426"}}