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In this report, two pairs of new sesquiterpene alkaloids, (+)\/(\u2212)-phaeocaulin A [(+)-<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>] and B [(+)-<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>], and two pairs of new sesquiterpenes, (+)\/(\u2212)-phaeocaulin C [(+)-<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>] and D [(+)-<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>], along with one related known analog (<jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>), were isolated from the rhizomes of <jats:italic>Curcuma phaeocaulis<\/jats:italic>. The absolute configurations of (+)-<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>, (+)-<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>, (+)-<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold> and (+)-<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold> were unambiguously determined by analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffractions and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) method. It is noteworthy that (+)\/(\u2212)-phaeocaulin A [(+)-<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>] and B [(+)-<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\/(\u2212)-<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>] are two pairs of rare N-containing germacrane-type sesquiterpenes. A possible biogenetic pathway for <jats:bold>1\u20135<\/jats:bold> was postulated. All of the isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T10:51:12Z","timestamp":1488970272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["(+)\/(\u2212)-Phaeocaulin A-D, four pairs of new enantiomeric germacrane-type sesquiterpenes from Curcuma phaeocaulis as natural nitric oxide inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gui-yang","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"De-juan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang-hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Owusu Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-qin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-xia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep43576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4336","volume":"13","author":"J Eder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eder, J., Sedrani, R. & Wiesmann, C. 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