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Under laboratory conditions,\n                    <jats:italic>T. hamatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed treatment significantly enhanced pearl millet seed germination and seedling vigor.\n                    <jats:italic>T. hamatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed treatment resulted in systemic and durable immunity against pearl millet downy mildew disease under greenhouse and field conditions.\n                    <jats:italic>T. hamatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    treated seedlings responded to downy mildew infection with high lignification and callose deposition. Analysis of defense enzymes showed that\n                    <jats:italic>T. hamatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment significantly enhanced the activities of glucanase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase in comparison to untreated control. RT-PCR analysis revealed differentially expressed transcripts of the defense enzymes and PR-proteins in treated, untreated, and checks, wherein PR-1, PR-5, and cell wall defense HRGPs were significantly over expressed in treated seedlings as against their lower expression in controls.\n                    <jats:italic>T. hamatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment significantly stimulated endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and significantly upregulated important SA biosynthesis gene isochorismate synthase. The results indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>T. hamatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    UoM13 treatment induces resistance corresponding to significant over expression of endogenous SA, important defense enzymes, PR-proteins, and HRGPs, suggesting that SA biosynthetic pathway is involved in pearl millet for mounting systemic immunity against downy mildew pathogen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T06:32:41Z","timestamp":1490077961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Elicitation of resistance and associated defense responses in Trichoderma hamatum induced protection against pearl millet downy mildew pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Chandra Nayaka","family":"Siddaiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjan Raj","family":"Satyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkataramana","family":"Mudili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijai","family":"Kumar Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selvakumar","family":"Gurunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobith","family":"Rangappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekar Shetty","family":"Huntrike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep43991_CR1","unstructured":"Yadav, H. 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