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It affects approximately 1.7% of the population, but its precise pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Despite the recent attention focused on the roles of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases, little is known about inflammasome activation in AA. Thus, in this study, we investigated the pattern of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the outer root sheath (ORS) cells of hair follicles. We found that interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and caspase-1 expression was increased in hair follicle remnants and inflammatory cells of AA tissue specimens. After stimulation of ORS cells with the double-stranded (ds)RNA mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), the activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1\u03b2 were enhanced. Moreover, NLRP3 knockdown decreased this poly(I:C)-induced IL-1\u03b2 production. Finally, we found that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) translocated from the nucleus to the cytosol and was secreted into the extracellular space by inflammasome activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that ORS cells are important immunocompetent cells that induce NLRP3 inflammasomes. In addition, dsRNA-induced IL-1\u03b2 and HMGB1 secretion from ORS cells may contribute to clarifying the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T10:52:42Z","timestamp":1488883962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Double-stranded RNA induces inflammation via the NF-\u03baB pathway and inflammasome activation in the outer root sheath cells of hair follicles"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jung-Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Kyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Cheol","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong","family":"Min Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young","family":"Ho Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Joon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Deok Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeung-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep44127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","volume":"366","author":"G Amos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amos, G., Amos, E. & Ralf, P. 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