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The inflammation of various respiratory diseases are associated with PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> inhalation. Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1\u03b2 generated from effected cells usually plays a crucial role in many kinds of lung inflammatory reactions. The exacerbation of Th immune responses are identified in some PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> related diseases. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>-induced acute lung inflammation, we exposed Balb\/c mice to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> intratracheally and established a mice model. Acute lung inflammation and increased IL-1\u03b2 expression was observed after PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> instillation. Regulatory factors of IL-1\u03b2 (TLR4\/MyD88 signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome) participated in this lung inflammatory response as well. Treatment with compound essential oils (CEOs) substantially attenuated PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>-induced acute lung inflammation. The decreased IL-1\u03b2 and Th immune responses after CEOs treatment were significant. PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> may increase the secretion of IL-1\u03b2 through TLR4\/MyD88 and NLRP3 pathway resulting in murine airway inflammation. CEOs could attenuate the lung inflammation by reducing IL-1\u03b2 and Th immune responses in this model. This study describes a potentially important mechanism of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>-induced acute lung inflammation and that may bring about novel therapies for the inflammatory diseases associated with PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> inhalation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T11:05:52Z","timestamp":1489057552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["The acute airway inflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure and the treatment of essential oils in Balb\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hetong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laiyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fasheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep44256_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0153099","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153099","volume":"11","author":"Qin Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qin Xu et al. 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