{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T21:49:38Z","timestamp":1769636978080,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estrogen deprivation aggravates cardiac injury after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I\/R) injury. Although either estrogen or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, vildagliptin, reduces myocardial damage following cardiac I\/R, their effects on the heart in obese-insulin resistant and estrogen deprived conditions remain unknown. Ovariectomized (O) rats (n\u2009=\u200936) were divided to receive either normal diet (NDO) or high-fat diet (HFO) for 12 weeks, followed by treatment with a vehicle, estrogen or vildagliptin for 4 weeks. The setting of <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> cardiac I\/R injury, 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion, was performed. At 12 weeks after ovariectomy, both NDO and HFO rats exhibited an obese-insulin resistant condition. Both NDO and HFO rats treated with estrogen and vildagliptin showed reduced fasting plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA index. Both treatments improved cardiac function indicated by restoration of heart rate variability and increased %left ventricular ejection fraction (%LVEF). The treatments similarly protected cardiac mitochondrial function against I\/R injury, leading to a reduction in the infarct size, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the ischemic myocardium. These findings demonstrate that vildagliptin effectively improves metabolic status, and shares similar efficacy to estrogen in reducing myocardial infarction and protecting cardiac mitochondrial function against I\/R injury in estrogen-deprived obese-insulin resistant rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T10:21:58Z","timestamp":1489141318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["DPP-4 Inhibitor and Estrogen Share Similar Efficacy Against Cardiac Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury in Obese-Insulin Resistant and Estrogen-Deprived Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sivaporn","family":"Sivasinprasasn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pongpan","family":"Tanajak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanpitak","family":"Pongkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasana","family":"Pratchayasakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siriporn C.","family":"Chattipakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nipon","family":"Chattipakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.131.suppl_2.o29","volume":"131","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2015","unstructured":"D. Mozaffarian et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 131(4), e29 (2015).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000157","volume":"30","author":"TF Whayne Jr.","year":"2015","unstructured":"T. F. Whayne Jr. & D. Mukherjee . Women, the menopause, hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 30(4), 432 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.06.011","volume":"142","author":"HN Hodis","year":"2014","unstructured":"H. N. Hodis & W. J. Mack . Hormone replacement therapy and the association with coronary heart disease and overall mortality: clinical application of the timing hypothesis. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 142, 68 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2766","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.6.H2766","volume":"279","author":"P Zhai","year":"2000","unstructured":"P. Zhai et al. Effect of estrogen on global myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in female rats. Am. J. Physiol Heart Circ. Physiol 279(6), H2766\u2013H2775 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol Heart Circ. Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5708","volume":"5","author":"K Auro","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Auro et al. A metabolic view on menopause and ageing. Nat. Commun. 5, 4708 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0372","volume":"89","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. M. Grundy . Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 89(6), 2595 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2236","volume":"100","author":"CA Stuenkel","year":"2015","unstructured":"C. A. Stuenkel et al. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 100(11), 3975 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1107","volume":"151","author":"S Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Liu & F. Mauvais-Jarvis . Minireview: Estrogenic protection of beta-cell failure in metabolic diseases. Endocrinology 151(3), 859 (2010).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2901.092200","volume":"104","author":"L Mosca","year":"2001","unstructured":"L. Mosca et al. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 104(4), 499 (2001).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.09.021","volume":"124","author":"SM Harman","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. M. Harman et al. Timing and duration of menopausal hormone treatment may affect cardiovascular outcomes. Am. J. Med. 124(3), 199 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903302265","volume":"10","author":"M Banerjee","year":"2009","unstructured":"M. Banerjee, N. Younis & H. Soran . Vildagliptin in clinical practice: a review of literature. Expert. Opin. Pharmacother. 10(16), 2745 (2009).","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Pharmacother"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1262","volume":"153","author":"N Apaijai","year":"2012","unstructured":"N. Apaijai et al. Cardioprotective effects of metformin and vildagliptin in adult rats with insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Endocrinology 153(8), 3878 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102374","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102374","volume":"9","author":"N Apaijai","year":"2014","unstructured":"N. Apaijai et al. Combined vildagliptin and metformin exert better cardioprotection than monotherapy against ischemia-reperfusion injury in obese-insulin resistant rats. PLoS. One. 9(7), e102374 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS. One."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Roberts-Toler, B. T. O\u2019Neill & A. M. Cypess . Diet-induced obesity causes insulin resistance in mouse brown adipose tissue. Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 23(9), 1765 (2015).","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21134"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9766-0","volume":"37","author":"S Sivasinprasasn","year":"2015","unstructured":"S. Sivasinprasasn et al. Obese-insulin resistance accelerates and aggravates cardiometabolic disorders and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in estrogen-deprived female rats. Age (Dordr.) 37(2), 28 (2015).","journal-title":"Age (Dordr.)"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1331700","volume":"45","author":"H Vogel","year":"2013","unstructured":"H. Vogel et al. Estrogen deficiency aggravates insulin resistance and induces beta-cell loss and diabetes in female New Zealand obese mice. Horm. Metab Res. 45(6), 430 (2013).","journal-title":"Horm. Metab Res."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3531-x","volume":"58","author":"S Paglialunga","year":"2015","unstructured":"S. Paglialunga et al. In adipose tissue, increased mitochondrial emission of reactive oxygen species is important for short-term high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Diabetologia 58(5), 1071 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.02.001","volume":"63","author":"P Sankar","year":"2015","unstructured":"P. Sankar et al. Amelioration of oxidative stress and insulin resistance by soy isoflavones (from Glycine max) in ovariectomized Wistar rats fed with high fat diet: the molecular mechanisms. Exp. Gerontol. 63, 67 (2015).","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.07.006","volume":"1","author":"E Ho","year":"2013","unstructured":"E. Ho et al. Biological markers of oxidative stress: Applications to cardiovascular research and practice. Redox. Biol. 1, 483 (2013).","journal-title":"Redox. Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1718","volume":"62","author":"L Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"L. Zhu et al. Estrogen treatment after ovariectomy protects against fatty liver and may improve pathway-selective insulin resistance. Diabetes 62(2), 424 (2013).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.12.005","volume":"122","author":"LM Brown","year":"2010","unstructured":"L. M. Brown & D. J. Clegg . Central effects of estradiol in the regulation of food intake, body weight, and adiposity. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 122(1\u20133), 65 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-011-0266-4","volume":"51","author":"RE Stubbins","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. E. Stubbins et al. Estrogen modulates abdominal adiposity and protects female mice from obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. Eur. J. Nutr. 51(7), 861 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2012.07.008","volume":"5","author":"T Uetani","year":"2012","unstructured":"T. Uetani et al. Impact of insulin resistance on post-procedural myocardial injury and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent elective coronary interventions with drug-eluting stents. JACC. Cardiovasc. Interv. 5(11), 1159 (2012).","journal-title":"JACC. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000045671.62860.98","volume":"107","author":"MK Rutter","year":"2003","unstructured":"M. K. Rutter et al. Impact of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance on cardiac structure and function: sex-related differences in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 107(3), 448 (2003).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9633-0","volume":"308","author":"RO Ek","year":"2008","unstructured":"R. O. Ek et al. Effects of tamoxifen on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model in ovariectomized rats. Mol. Cell Biochem. 308(1\u20132), 227 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.213637","volume":"30","author":"J Favre","year":"2010","unstructured":"J. Favre et al. Endothelial estrogen receptor {alpha} plays an essential role in the coronary and myocardial protective effects of estradiol in ischemia\/reperfusion. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30(12), 2562 (2010).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3674","volume":"12","author":"WL Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"W. L. Li, W. Xiang & Y. Ping . Activation of novel estrogen receptor GPER results in inhibition of cardiocyte apoptosis and cardioprotection. Mol. Med. Rep. 12(2), 2425 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. M. De Francesco et al. Protective role of GPER agonist g-1 on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. J. Cell Physiol (2016).","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25585"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10773","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.172247","volume":"286","author":"AG Recchia","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. G. Recchia et al. The G protein-coupled receptor 30 is up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in breast cancer cells and cardiomyocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 286(12), 10773 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307156101","volume":"101","author":"MA Aon","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. A. Aon, S. Cortassa & B. O\u2019Rourke . Percolation and criticality in a mitochondrial network. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101(13), 4447 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.1001","volume":"192","author":"DB Zorov","year":"2000","unstructured":"D. B. Zorov et al. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ROS release: a new phenomenon accompanying induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in cardiac myocytes. J. Exp. Med. 192(7), 1001 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-16-70","volume":"16","author":"V Borutaite","year":"2009","unstructured":"V. Borutaite et al. Nitric oxide protects the heart from ischemia-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage via protein kinase G mediated blockage of permeability transition and cytochrome c release. J. Biomed. Sci. 16, 70 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051654","volume":"395","author":"M Capano","year":"2006","unstructured":"M. Capano & M. Crompton . Bax translocates to mitochondria of heart cells during simulated ischaemia: involvement of AMP-activated and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Biochem. J. 395(1), 57 (2006).","journal-title":"Biochem. J"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164113516134","volume":"11","author":"K Chinda","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Chinda et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor reduces infarct size and preserves cardiac function via mitochondrial protection in ischaemia-reperfusion rat heart. Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 11(2), 75 (2014).","journal-title":"Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-0223","volume":"74","author":"Y Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Y. Wang et al. Protective effects of estrogen against reperfusion arrhythmias following severe myocardial ischemia in rats. Circ. J. 74(4), 634 (2010).","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0b013e3182874732","volume":"20","author":"X Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"X. Zhu et al. Estrogens increase cystathionine-gamma-lyase expression and decrease inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocardium of ovariectomized rats. Menopause. 20(10), 1084 (2013).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.01.011","volume":"167","author":"K Chinda","year":"2013","unstructured":"K. Chinda et al. Cardioprotective effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int. J. Cardiol. 167(2), 451 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0232","volume":"231","author":"W Pongkan","year":"2016","unstructured":"W. Pongkan et al. Vildagliptin reduces cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injury in obese orchiectomized rats. J. Endocrinol. 231(1), 81 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-015-0214-6","volume":"14","author":"J Mera","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. Mera et al. Long-term efficacy of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing hemodialysis. J. Diabetes Metab Disord. 14, 83 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12548","volume":"17","author":"G McInnes","year":"2015","unstructured":"G. McInnes et al. Cardiovascular and heart failure safety profile of vildagliptin: a meta-analysis of 17 000 patients. Diabetes Obes. Metab 17(11), 1085 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR41","first-page":"297","volume":"7","author":"I Gueler","year":"2013","unstructured":"I. Gueler et al. Effects of vildagliptin (Galvus(R)) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after heart transplantation. Drug Des Devel. Ther. 7, 297 (2013).","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel. Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1495","volume":"36","author":"RM Rahmi","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. M. Rahmi et al. Effect of hypoglycemic agents on ischemic preconditioning in patients with type 2 diabetes and symptomatic coronary artery disease. Diabetes Care 36(6), 1654 (2013).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.585395","volume":"27","author":"YL He","year":"2011","unstructured":"Y. L. He et al. Thorough QT study of the effects of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, on cardiac repolarization and conduction in healthy volunteers. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 27(7), 1453 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.03.030","volume":"99","author":"M Gokce","year":"2005","unstructured":"M. Gokce et al. Long term effects of hormone replacement therapy on heart rate variability, QT interval, QT dispersion and frequencies of arrhythmia. Int. J. Cardiol. 99(3), 373 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2004.94580.x","volume":"9","author":"AH Kadish","year":"2004","unstructured":"A. H. Kadish et al. Estrogen and progestin use and the QT interval in postmenopausal women. Ann. Noninvasive. Electrocardiol. 9(4), 366 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Noninvasive. Electrocardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.06.018","volume":"156","author":"KA Ammar","year":"2008","unstructured":"K. A. Ammar et al. Central obesity: association with left ventricular dysfunction and mortality in the community. Am. Heart J. 156(5), 975 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.058","volume":"57","author":"T Coutinho","year":"2011","unstructured":"T. Coutinho et al. Central obesity and survival in subjects with coronary artery disease: a systematic review of the literature and collaborative analysis with individual subject data. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57(19), 1877 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.08.001","volume":"35","author":"JR Rettberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. R. Rettberg, J. Yao & R. D. Brinton . Estrogen: a master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body. Front Neuroendocrinol. 35(1), 8 (2014).","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000640","volume":"23","author":"S Sivasinprasasn","year":"2016","unstructured":"S. Sivasinprasasn et al. Estrogen and DPP4 inhibitor, but not metformin, exert cardioprotection via attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant and estrogen-deprived female rats. Menopause. 23(8), 894 (2016).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-9025","volume":"32","author":"DM Nathan","year":"2009","unstructured":"D. M. Nathan et al. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 32(1), 193 (2009).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Terminology and Diagnostic Criteria Committee of The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine, \u201cStandard measurement of cardiac function indexes\u201d. J. Med. Ultrason 33(2), 123 (2006).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-006-0100-4"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12176","volume":"169","author":"N Apaijai","year":"2013","unstructured":"N. Apaijai et al. Effects of vildagliptin versus sitagliptin, on cardiac function, heart rate variability and mitochondrial function in obese insulin-resistant rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 169(5), 1048 (2013).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/22.9.656","volume":"22","author":"MJ Curtis","year":"1988","unstructured":"M. J. Curtis & M. J. Walker . Quantification of arrhythmias using scoring systems: an examination of seven scores in an in vivo model of regional myocardial ischaemia. Cardiovasc. Res. 22(9), 656 (1988).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122503","volume":"10","author":"W Pongkan","year":"2015","unstructured":"W. Pongkan, S. C. Chattipakorn & N. Chattipakorn . Chronic testosterone replacement exerts cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in testosterone-deprived rats. PLoS. One. 10(3), e0122503 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS. One."},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh148","volume":"93","author":"M Kemp","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. Kemp et al. Biochemical markers of myocardial injury. Br. J. Anaesth. 93(1), 63 (2004).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0273","volume":"223","author":"Y Semaming","year":"2014","unstructured":"Y. Semaming et al. Protocatechuic acid exerts a cardioprotective effect in type 1 diabetic rats. J. Endocrinol. 223(1), 13 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.01.008","volume":"11","author":"S Thummasorn","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Thummasorn et al. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in cardiac mitochondria. Mitochondrion. 11(3), 457 (2011).","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.070433","volume":"98","author":"S Palee","year":"2013","unstructured":"S. Palee et al. Mechanisms responsible for beneficial and adverse effects of rosiglitazone in a rat model of acute cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion. Exp. Physiol 98(5), 1028 (2013).","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep44306_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.023","volume":"72","author":"W Pratchayasakul","year":"2015","unstructured":"W. Pratchayasakul et al. Obesity accelerates cognitive decline by aggravating mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance and synaptic dysfunction under estrogen-deprived conditions. Horm. Behav. 72, 68 (2015).","journal-title":"Horm. Behav"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44306.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44306","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44306.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T23:56:55Z","timestamp":1671839815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep44306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep44306","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"44306"}}