{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:28:18Z","timestamp":1791984498296,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new species of tyrannosaurid from the upper Two Medicine Formation of Montana supports the presence of a Laramidian anagenetic (ancestor-descendant) lineage of Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids. In concert with other anagenetic lineages of dinosaurs from the same time and place, this suggests that anagenesis could have been a widespread mechanism generating species diversity amongst dinosaurs, and perhaps beyond. We studied the excellent fossil record of the tyrannosaurid to test that hypothesis. Phylogenetic analysis places this new taxon as the sister species to <jats:italic>Daspletosaurus torosus<\/jats:italic>. However, given their close phylogenetic relationship, geographic proximity, and temporal succession, where <jats:italic>D. torosus<\/jats:italic> (~76.7\u201375.2\u2009Ma) precedes the younger new species (~75.1\u201374.4\u2009Ma), we argue that the two forms most likely represent a single anagenetic lineage. <jats:italic>Daspletosaurus<\/jats:italic> was an important apex predator in the late Campanian dinosaur faunas of Laramidia; its absence from later units indicates it was extinct before <jats:italic>Tyrannosaurus rex<\/jats:italic> dispersed into Laramidia from Asia. In addition to its evolutionary implications, the texture of the facial bones of the new taxon, and other derived tyrannosauroids, indicates a scaly integument with high tactile sensitivity. Most significantly, the lower jaw shows evidence for neurovasculature that is also seen in birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1490878921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Varricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayc C.","family":"Sedlmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/358059a0","volume":"358","author":"JR Horner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Horner, J. R., Varricchio, D. J. & Goodwin, M. B. Marine transgressions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs. Nature 358, 59\u201361 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-011-0762-7","volume":"98","author":"TD Carr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carr, T. D., Williamson, T. E., Britt, B. B. & Stadtman, K. Evidence for high taxonomic diversity and morphologic tyrannosauroid diversity in the Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) of the American Southwest and a new short-skulled tyrannosaurid from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah. Naturwissen. 98(3), 241, doi: 10.1007\/s00114-011-0762-7 (2011).","journal-title":"Naturwissen"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193304","volume":"329","author":"SL Brusatte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brusatte, S. L. et al. Tyrannosaur paleobiology: new research on ancient exemplar organisms. Science 329, 1481\u20131485 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79420","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079420","volume":"8","author":"MA Loewen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Loewen, M. A., Irmis, R. B., Sertich, J. J. W., Currie, P. J. & Sampson, S. D. Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of Late Cretaceous oceans. PLoS One 8(11), e79420, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0079420 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17261","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906911106","volume":"106","author":"SL Brusatte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brusatte, S. L., Carr, T. D., Erickson, G. M., Bever, G. S. & Norell, M. A. A long-snouted, multihorned tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 17261\u201317266 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091287","volume":"9","author":"AR Fiorillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fiorillo, A. R. & Tykowski, R. S. A diminutive new tyrannosaur from the top of the world. PLoS One 9(3), e91287, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0091287 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1073\/0nas.1600140113","volume":"113","author":"SL Brusatte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brusatte, S. L., Averianov, A., Sues, H.-D. & Butler, I. B. New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies the evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 113(13), 3447, doi: 10.1073\/0nas.1600140113 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02724630903413032","volume":"30","author":"TD Carr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carr, T. D. & Williamson, T. E. Bistahieversor sealeyi, gen. et sp. nov., a new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea. J. Vert. Paleontol. 30, 1\u201316 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Vert. Paleontol"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2","volume":"25","author":"TD Carr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carr, T. D., Williamson, T. E. & Schwimmer, D. R. A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama. J. Vert. Paleontol. 25, 119\u2013143 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Vert. Paleontol"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00fc et al. A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids. Nature comm., doi: 10.1038\/ncomms4788 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4788"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20252","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20252","volume":"6","author":"SL Brusatte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brusatte, S. L. & Carr, T. D. The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs. Sci. Reports 6, 20252, doi: 10.1038\/srep20252 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Reports"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR12","unstructured":"Wagner, P. J. & Erwin, D. H. In New approaches to speciation in the fossil record (eds Erwin, D. H., Anstey, R. L. ) 87\u2013121 (Columbia Univ. Press, 1995)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2009.02416.x","volume":"75","author":"MA Bell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bell, M. A. Implications of a fossil stickleback assemblage for Darwinian gradualism. Jour. Fish Bio. 75, 1977\u20131999 (2009).","journal-title":"Jour. Fish Bio"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300011374","volume":"11","author":"PD Gingerich","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gingerich, P. D. Species in the fossil record: concepts, trends, and transition. Paleobiol. 11, 27\u201341 (1985).","journal-title":"Paleobiol"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025018118339","volume":"12","author":"RM Wood","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wood, R. M. & Mayden, R. L. Speciation and anagenesis in the genus Cyprinella of Mexico (Teleostei: Cyprinidiae): a case study of Model III allopatric speciation. Rev. In Fish Bio. & Fisheries 12, 253\u2013271 (2002).","journal-title":"Fish Bio. & Fisheries"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-014-0666-7","volume":"128","author":"P L\u00f3pez-Sep\u00falveda","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Sep\u00falveda, P. et al. Progressive migration and anagenesis in Drimys confertifolia of the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Archipelago, Chile. Jour. Plant Res. 128, 73\u201390 (2015).","journal-title":"Jour. Plant Res"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01504.x","volume":"33","author":"TF Stuessy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stuessy, T. F. et al. Anagenetic evolution in island plants. Jour. Biogeogr. 33, 1259\u20131265 (2006).","journal-title":"Jour. Biogeogr"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman-Fowler, E. A. & Horner, J. R. A new brachylophosaurin hadrosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) with an intermediate nasal crest from the Campanian Judith River Formation of northcentral Montana. PLoS One 10, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0141304 (2015).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141304"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313334111","volume":"111","author":"JB Scannella","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scannella, J. B., Fowler, D. W., Goodwin, M. B. & Horner, J. R. Evolutionary trends in Triceratops from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana. PNAS 111, 10245\u201310250 (2014).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gould, S. J. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory 1\u20131433 (Harvard Univ. Press, 2002).","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674417922"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liow, L. H. In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eds), doi: 10.1002\/9780470015902.a0001666.pub2 (J. Wiley & Sons, 2010).","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0001666.pub2"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2012.00423.x","volume":"29","author":"JR Podani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Podani, J. R. Tree thinking, time and topology: comments on the interpretation of tree diagrams in evolutionary\/phylogenetic systematics. Cladistics 29, 315\u2013327 (2013).","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaux, F., Trewick, S. A. & Morgan-Richards, M. Lineages, splits and divergence challenge whether the terms anagenesis and cladogenesis are necessary. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 117, doi: 10.111\/bij.12665 (2015).","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12665"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025186","volume":"6","author":"NE Campione","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campione, N. E. & Evans, D. C. Cranial growth and variation in edmontosaurs (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae): implications for Latest Cretaceous megaherbivore diversity in North America. PLoS One 6, e25186 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208302110","volume":"110","author":"LC Strotz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strotz, L. C. & Allen, A. P. Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence. PNAS 110, 2904\u20132909 (2013).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1999.10011161","volume":"19","author":"TD Carr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carr, T. D. Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria). J. Vert. Paleontol. 19, 497\u2013520 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Vert. Paleontol"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1139\/E10-035","volume":"47","author":"TD Carr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carr, T. D. A taxonomic assessment of the type series of Albertosaurus sarcophagus and the identity of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) in the Albertosaurus bonebed from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous). Can. J. Earth Sci. 47, 1213\u20131226 (2010).","journal-title":"Can. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2004.00130.x","volume":"142","author":"TD Carr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carr, T. D. & Williamson, T. E. Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 142, 479\u2013523 (2004).","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20985","volume":"292","author":"TL Hieronymus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hieronymus, T. L., Witmer, L. M., Tanke, D. H. & Currie, P. J. The facial integument of centrosaurine ceratopsids: morphological and histological correlates of novel skin structures. Anat. Record 292, 1370\u20131396 (2009).","journal-title":"Anat. Record"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1997.10011027","volume":"17","author":"LM Witmer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Witmer, L. M. The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft-tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity. J. Vert. Paleontol. 17, 1\u201373 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Vert. Paleontol"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1525\/auk.2010.09122","volume":"127","author":"TL Hieronymus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hieronymus, T. L. & Witmer, L. M. Homology and evolution of avian compound rhamphothecae. Auk 127(3), 590\u2013604 (2010).","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1139\/e93-090","volume":"30","author":"RR Rogers","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rogers, R. R., Swisher III, C. C. & Horner, J. R. 40Ar\/39Ar age correlation of the nonmarine Two Medicine Formation (Upper Cretaceous), northwestern Montana, USA. Can. Jour. of Earth Sci. 30, 1066\u20131075 (1993).","journal-title":"Can. Jour. of Earth Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR33","unstructured":"Lorenz, J. C. & Gavin, W. Geology of the Two Medicine Formation and the sedimentology of a dinosaur nesting ground. Montana Geological Society Field Guide 175\u2013186 (1984)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR34","unstructured":"Roberts, E. M., Sampson, S. D., Deino, A. D., Buchwaldt, R. & Bowring, S. A. In Advances in Late Cretaceous Western Interior Paleontology and Geology (eds Titus, A., Loewen, M. A. ) 85\u2013106 (Indiana Univ. Press, 2013)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2009.p09-143r","volume":"25","author":"BA Scherzer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scherzer, B. A. & Varricchio, D. J. Taphonomy of a juvenile lambeosaurine bonebed from the Two Medicine formation (Campanian) of Montana, United States. Palaios 25, 780\u2013795 (2010).","journal-title":"Palaios"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR36","unstructured":"Holtz, T. R. In Mesozoic Vertebrate Life (eds Carpenter, K. & Tanke, D. ) 64\u201383 (Indiana Univ. Press, 2001)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR37","first-page":"191","volume":"48","author":"PJ Currie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Currie, P. J. Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 48, 191\u2013226 (2003).","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontol. Pol."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1139\/e02-083","volume":"40","author":"PJ Currie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Currie, P. J. Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. Can. J. Earth Sci. 40, 651\u2013665 (2004).","journal-title":"Can. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR39","unstructured":"Papp, M. J. A Critical Appraisal of Buccal Soft-Tissue Anatomy in Ornithischian Dinosaurs. Unpublished MSc Dissertation, Ohio University, Athens, 229 pp (2000)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR40","unstructured":"Sedlmayr, J. C. Anatomy, Evolution, and Functional Significance of Cephalic Vasculature in Archosauria. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Ohio University, Athens, 398 pp (2002)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brusatte et al. Dentary groove morphology does not distinguish \u2018Nanotyrannus\u2019 as a valid taxon of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. Comment on: \u201cDistribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: implications for theropod phylogeny and the validity of the genus Nanotyrannus Bakker et al. 1988\u201d. Cret. Res., doi: 10.1016\/j.cretres.2016.02.007 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2016.02.007"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2110\/jsr.68.604","volume":"68","author":"RR Rogers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rogers, R. R. Sequence analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River Formations, Montana: nonmarine response to the Claggett and Bearpaw marine cycles. J. Sed. Res. 68, 615\u2013631 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Sed. Res"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2005.01.002","volume":"26","author":"EM Roberts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roberts, E. M., Deino, A. L. & Chan, M. A. 40Ar\/39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin. Cret. Res. 26, 307\u2013318 (2005).","journal-title":"Cret. Res"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR44","unstructured":"Eberth, D. A. In Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed (eds Currie, P. J. & Koppelhus, E. B. ) 54\u201382 (Indiana Univ. Press, 2005)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR45","unstructured":"Currie, P. J. & Russell, D. A. In Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed (eds Currie, P. J., Koppelhus, E. B. ) 202\u2013220 (Indiana Univ. Press, 2005)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eberth, D. A., Ramezani, J. R., Roberts, E. M. & Bowring, S. A. New TIMS U-Pb geochronology from the Belly River Group (Upper Cretaceous) at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, and implications for dinosaur biostratigraphy of the Western Interior Basin. Geol. Soc. Am. Abs. Programs 48(7), doi: 10.1130\/abs\/2016AM-281038 (2016).","DOI":"10.1130\/abs\/2016AM-281038"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2011.03.005","volume":"32","author":"DWE Hone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hone, D. W. E. et al. A new, large tyrannosaurine theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of China. Cret. Res. 32, 495\u2013503 (2011).","journal-title":"Cret. Res"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR48","unstructured":"Hicks, J. F., Johnson, K. R., Obradovich, J. D., Tauxe, L. & Clark, D. In The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated Continental Record of the End of the Cretaceous (eds Hartman, J. H., Johnson, K. R., Nichols, D. J. ) 35\u201355 (USGS Spec. Pap. 261, 2002)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR49","unstructured":"Shuvalov, V. F. In The Age of Dinosaurs In Russia and Mongolia (eds Benton, M. J., Shoshkin, M. A., Unwin, D. M., Kurochkin, E. N. ) 256\u2013278 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1139\/cjes-2014-0050","volume":"51","author":"PR Bell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bell, P. R. & Currie, P. J. Albertosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) material from an Edmontosaurus bonebed (Horseshoe Canyon Formation) near Edmonton: clarification of palaeogeographic distribution. Can. Jour. Earth Sci. 51(11), 1052, doi: 10.1139\/cjes-2014-0050 (2014).","journal-title":"Can. Jour. Earth Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, C. M. et al. Tooth counts through growth in diapsid reptiles: implications for interpreting individual and size-related variation in the fossil record. J. of Anat., doi: 10.1111\/joa.12280 (2015).","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12280"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3643","volume":"273","author":"JR Horner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Horner, J. R. & Goodwin, M. B. Major cranial changes during Triceratops ontogeny. Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 273, 2757, doi: 10.1098\/rspb.2006.3643 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e252","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.252","volume":"2","author":"JA Frederickson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frederickson, J. A. & Tumarkin-Deratzian, A. R. Craniofacial ontogeny in Centrosaurus apertus . PeerJ 2, e252, doi: 10.7717\/peerj.252 (2014).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28705","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028705","volume":"6","author":"JB Scannella","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scannella, J. B. & Horner, J. R. \u2018Nedoceratops\u2019: an example of a transitional morphology. PLoS One 6(12), e28705, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0028705 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horner, J. R. & Goodwin, M. B. Extreme cranial ontogeny in the Upper Cretaceous dinosaur Pachycephalosaurus . PLoS One 4(1), ?, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0007626 (2009).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007626"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR56","unstructured":"Larson, P. In Tyrannosaurid Paleobiology (eds Parrish, M. J., Molnar, R. E., Currie, P. J. & Koppelhus, E. B. ) 15\u201353 (Indiana Univ. Press, 2013)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR57","unstructured":"Kirschbaum, M. A. & Roberts, L. N. R. In Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah 1\u201331 (U.S. Geol. Surv. Dig. Data Ser. DDS-69-D, 2005)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.076836","volume":"215","author":"DB Leitch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leitch, D. B. & Catania, K. C. Structure, innervation and response properties of integumentary sensory organs in crocodilians. J. Exp. Bio. 215(23), 4217, doi: 10.1242\/jeb.076836 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bio"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/08912963.2011.560723","volume":"23","author":"P Brazaitis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brazaitis, P. & Watanabe, M. E. Crocodilian behavior: a window to dinosaur behavior? Historical Biology 23, 73\u201390 (2011).","journal-title":"Historical Biology"},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR60","unstructured":"Maddison, D. R. & Maddison, W. P. MacClade 4: Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Version 4.08a. http:\/\/macclade.org (2005)."},{"key":"BFsrep44942_CR61","unstructured":"Swofford, D. L. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, USA. http:\/\/paup.sc.fsu.edu (2002)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44942.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44942","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/srep44942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44942.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T23:41:27Z","timestamp":1671838887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep44942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep44942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep44942","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"44942"}}