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Doping a trace element into CPC can change physical characteristics and enhance osteogenesis. The trace element lithium has been demonstrated to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. We investigated the fracture-healing effect of osteoporotic defects with lithium-doped calcium phosphate cement (Li\/CPC) and the underlying mechanism. Li\/CPC bodies immersed in simulated body fluid converted gradually to hydroxyapatite. Li\/CPC extracts stimulated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts upon release of lithium ions (Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) at 25.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12 to 50.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13\u2009mg\/l through activation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We also examined the effect of locally administered Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    on defects in rat tibia between CPC and Li\/CPC\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Micro-computed tomography and histological staining showed that Li\/CPC had better osteogenesis by increasing bone mass and promoting repair in defects compared with CPC (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Li\/CPC also showed better osteoconductivity and osseointegration. These findings suggest that local release of Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    from Li\/CPC may accelerate bone regeneration from injury through activation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in osteoporosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]],"date-time":"2017-03-24T08:05:42Z","timestamp":1490342742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Acceleration of bone regeneration by activating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling pathway via lithium released from lithium chloride\/calcium phosphate cement in osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongbao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renchong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingli","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep45204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2531","volume":"30","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kanis, J. 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