{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:10:56Z","timestamp":1790745056996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency overlaps with malaria endemicity although it predisposes carriers to hemolysis. This fact supports the protection hypothesis against malaria. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the presence and the extent of protective association between G6PD deficiency and malaria. Thirteen databases were searched for papers reporting any G6PD alteration in malaria patients. Twenty-eight of the included 30 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Results showed absence of negative association between G6PD deficiency and uncomplicated falciparum malaria (odds ratio (OR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59\u20131.02;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.07). However, this negative association happened in Africa (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40\u20130.86;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007) but not in Asia (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96\u20131.61;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.10), and in the heterozygotes (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57\u20130.87;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001) but not the homo\/hemizygous (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46\u20131.07;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.10). There was no association between G6PD deficiency and total severe malaria (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.61\u20131.11;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.20). Similarly, there was no association with other malaria species. G6PD deficiency can potentially protect against uncomplicated malaria in African countries, but not severe malaria. Interestingly, this protection was mainly in heterozygous, being x-linked thus related to gender.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T09:21:37Z","timestamp":1491470497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Evaristus Chibunna","family":"Mbanefo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Mahmoud","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaf","family":"Titouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elmaraezy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Huyen","family":"Trang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Phuoc Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Hoang Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran","family":"Diem Nghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bui","family":"The Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Van Hieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Ky Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Tien","family":"Huy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/197609a0","volume":"197","author":"AC Allison","year":"1963","unstructured":"Allison, A. C. Malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Nature 197, 609\u2013609 (1963).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050253","volume":"76","author":"C Ruwende","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ruwende, C. & Hill, A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria. Journal of molecular medicine 76, 581\u2013588 (1998).","journal-title":"Journal of molecular medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/376246a0","volume":"376","author":"C Ruwende","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ruwende, C., Khoo, S. C., Snow, R. W. & Yates, S. N. R. Natural selection of hemi-and heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Africa by resistance to severe malaria. Nature 376, 246 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2008.06640.x","volume":"6","author":"O Brandt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brandt, O., Rieger, A., Geusau, A. & Stingl, G. Peas, beans, and the Pythagorean theorem\u2013the relevance of glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in dermatology. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 6, 534\u2013539 (2008).","journal-title":"JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR5","first-page":"126","volume":"6","author":"MB Adinortey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adinortey, M. B. et al. The significance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in plasmodium falciparum malaria: A case study of patients visiting the Central Regional Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana. World Journal of Medical Sciences 6, 126\u2013130 (2011).","journal-title":"World Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000302","volume":"5","author":"J Vega-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vega-Rodr\u00edguez, J. et al. The glutathione biosynthetic pathway of Plasmodium is essential for mosquito transmission. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000302 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5236.1346","volume":"1","author":"AC Allison","year":"1961","unstructured":"Allison, A. C. & Clyde, D. F. Malaria in African children with deficient erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. British Medical Journal 1, 1346 (1961).","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5250.521-a","volume":"2","author":"AC Allison","year":"1961","unstructured":"Allison, A. C. & Clyde, D. F. Malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. British medical journal 2, 521 (1961).","journal-title":"British medical journal"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.15.5.363","volume":"15","author":"E Bottini","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bottini, E., Gloria-Bottini, F. & Maggioni, G. On the relation between malaria and G-6-PD deficiency. Journal of medical genetics 15, 363\u2013365 (1978).","journal-title":"Journal of medical genetics"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR10","first-page":"375","volume":"3","author":"FM Awah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Awah, F. M., Chukwuemeka, G., Olalekan, S. I., Azeke, A. E. & Nneka, M. A possible protective role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and sickle haemoglobin genes against severe malaria in Madonna University, Elele Community. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 3, 375\u2013381 (2012).","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR11","first-page":"343","volume":"14","author":"FM Awah","year":"2008","unstructured":"Awah, F. M. & Uzoegwu, P. N. Malaria Protection In Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Individuals In Bamenda Population Of Cameroon. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 14, 343\u2013347 (2008).","journal-title":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1962.tb01520.x","volume":"25","author":"R Harris","year":"1962","unstructured":"Harris, R. & Gilles, H. M. Glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the peoples of the Niger Delta. Annals of human genetics 25, 199\u2013206 (1962).","journal-title":"Annals of human genetics"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/196049a0","volume":"196","author":"C Kidson","year":"1962","unstructured":"Kidson, C. & Gorman, J. G. A challenge to the concept of selection by malaria in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Nature 196, 49\u201351 (1962).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR14","unstructured":"Kruatrachue, M., Bhaibulaya, M., Clongkamnaukorn, K., Harinasuta, C. & Organization, W. H. Re-examination of the relationship of erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and malaria in Thailand(1966)."},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)90956-X","volume":"280","author":"M Kruatrachue","year":"1962","unstructured":"Kruatrachue, M., Charoenlarp, P., Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T. & Harinasuta, C. Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malaria in Thailand. The Lancet 280, 1183\u20131186 (1962).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91026-0","volume":"315","author":"S Bernstein","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bernstein, S. & Bowman, J. G6PD\/Malaria hypothesis: a balanced or transient polymorphism. The Lancet 315, 485 (1980).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1961.11686019","volume":"55","author":"HM Gilles","year":"1961","unstructured":"Gilles, H. M. & Taylor, B. G. The existence of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency trait in Nigeria and its clinical implications. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 55, 64\u201369 (1961).","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-2261(21)00299-X","volume":"10","author":"U Bienzle","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bienzle, U. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Part 1: Tropical Africa. Clinics in haematology 10, 785\u2013799 (1981).","journal-title":"Clinics in haematology"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.619","volume":"28","author":"U Bienzle","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bienzle, U., Guggenmoos-Holzmann, I. & Luzzatto, L. Malaria and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in West Africa. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 28, 619\u2013621 (1979).","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.926","volume":"61","author":"O Domarle","year":"1999","unstructured":"Domarle, O. et al. Factors influencing resistance to reinfection with Plasmodium falciparum. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 61, 926\u2013931 (1999).","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017371","volume":"6","author":"S Dunyo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dunyo, S. et al. Randomized trial of safety and effectiveness of chlorproguanil-dapsone and lumefantrine-artemether for uncomplicated malaria in children in the Gambia. PLoS One 6, e17371 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.714","volume":"78","author":"A Enevold","year":"2008","unstructured":"Enevold, A. et al. Reduced risk of uncomplicated malaria episodes in children with alpha+-thalassemia in northeastern Tanzania. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 78, 714\u2013720 (2008).","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4031","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004031","volume":"3","author":"CI Fanello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fanello, C. I. et al. High risk of severe anaemia after chlorproguanil-dapsone+artesunate antimalarial treatment in patients with G6PD (A-) deficiency. PLoS One 3, e4031 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)91037-9","volume":"289","author":"HM Gilles","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gilles, H. M. et al. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency, sickling, and malaria in African children in South Western Nigeria. The lancet 289, 138\u2013140 (1967).","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040066","volume":"4","author":"A Guindo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guindo, A., Fairhurst, R. M., Doumbo, O. K., Wellems, T. E. & Diallo, D. A. X-linked G6PD deficiency protects hemizygous males but not heterozygous females against severe malaria. PLoS Med 4, e66 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1086\/515193","volume":"28","author":"B Lell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lell, B. et al. The role of red blood cell polymorphisms in resistance and susceptibility to malaria. Clinical Infectious Diseases 28, 794\u2013799 (1999).","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR27","first-page":"659","volume":"73","author":"M Oo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Oo, M., Tin-Shwe, M.-T. & O\u2019Sullivan, W. J. Genetic red cell disorders and severity of falciparum malaria in Myanmar. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 73, 659 (1995).","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1837","volume":"5","author":"AE Orimadegun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Orimadegun, A. E. & Sodeinde, O. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status and severity of malarial anaemia in Nigerian children. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, 792\u2013798 (2011).","journal-title":"The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v10i1.14335","volume":"10","author":"MD Segeja","year":"2008","unstructured":"Segeja, M. D. et al. Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and haemoglobin S in high and moderate malaria transmission areas of Muheza, north-eastern Tanzania. Tanzania journal of health research 10, 9\u201313 (2008).","journal-title":"Tanzania journal of health research"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000283","volume":"7","author":"T Leslie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leslie, T. et al. The impact of phenotypic and genotypic G6PD deficiency on risk of Plasmodium vivax infection: a case-control study amongst Afghan refugees in Pakistan. PLoS Med 7, e1000283 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000153896","volume":"40","author":"L Brabin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brabin, L. & Brabin, B. J. Malaria and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in populations with high and low spleen rates in Madang, Papua New Guinea. Human heredity 40, 15\u201321 (1990).","journal-title":"Human heredity"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01237.x","volume":"9","author":"A Jalloh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jalloh, A. et al. Rapid epidemiologic assessment of glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in malaria\u2010endemic areas in Southeast Asia using a novel diagnostic kit. Tropical Medicine & International Health 9, 615\u2013623 (2004).","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-171","volume":"12","author":"N Khim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khim, N. et al. G6PD deficiency in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria-infected Cambodian patients. Malaria journal 12, 171 (2013).","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178849","volume":"326","author":"C Louicharoen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Louicharoen, C. et al. Positively selected G6PD-Mahidol mutation reduces Plasmodium vivax density in Southeast Asians. Science 326, 1546\u20131549 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR35","first-page":"93","volume":"11","author":"TK Nkuo-Akenji","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nkuo-Akenji, T. K., Wepngong, P. & Akoachere, J.-F. Effects of ABO\/Rh blood groups, G-6-PD enzyme activity and haemoglobin. African journal of health sciences 11, 93\u201397 (2004).","journal-title":"African journal of health sciences"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00395.x","volume":"4","author":"IS Tantular","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tantular, I. S. et al. Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria. Tropical Medicine & International Health 4, 245\u2013250 (1999).","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR37","first-page":"55","volume":"24","author":"WTJJF Onuma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Onuma, W. T. J. J. F., Tepanata, Z., Napaporn, P. N. H. A. S., Harnyuttanakorn, S. P. & Kanchanakhan, N. Prevalence of G6PD Deficiency in malaria endemic area: case study in bongti sub-district, sai yok district, kanchanaburi province, Thailand. J Health Res 24, 55\u201362 (2010).","journal-title":"J Health Res"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt015","volume":"107","author":"MS Santana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santana, M. S. et al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient variants are associated with reduced susceptibility to malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, 301\u2013306 (2013).","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-005-0271-7","volume":"50","author":"H Shimizu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shimizu, H., Tamam, M., Soemantri, A. & Ishida, T. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and Southeast Asian ovalocytosis in asymptomatic Plasmodium carriers in Sumba island, Indonesia. Journal of human genetics 50, 420\u2013424 (2005).","journal-title":"Journal of human genetics"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR40","unstructured":"Syaiiyuni, R. Hubungan defisiensi Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) dengan kepadatan parasit malaria pada anak usia sekolah di daerah endemis malaria, Program Pendidikan Pasca sarjana Universitas Diponegoro, (2003)."},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","volume":"56","author":"S Duval","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duval, S. & Tweedie, R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel\u2010plot\u2013based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta\u2010analysis. Biometrics 56, 455\u2013463 (2000).","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR42","unstructured":"Scriver, C. R. et al. The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. 8th edit McGraw-Hill. New York (2001)."},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR43","unstructured":"Wernsdorfer, W. H. & McGregor, I. Malaria: principles and practice of malariology. Vol. 1 (Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh, 1988)."},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR44","unstructured":"Livingstone, F. B. Frequencies of hemoglobin variants: thalassemia, the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, G6PD variants, and ovalocytosis in human populations. (Oxford University Press, USA, 1985)."},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00152-0","volume":"2","author":"S Uyoga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uyoga, S. et al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the risk of malaria and other diseases in children in Kenya: a case-control and a cohort study. The Lancet Haematology 2, e437\u2013e444 (2015).","journal-title":"The Lancet Haematology"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e400","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00191-X","volume":"2","author":"L Luzzatto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luzzatto, L. G6PD deficiency: a polymorphism balanced by heterozygote advantage against malaria. The Lancet Haematology 2, e400\u2013e401 (2015).","journal-title":"The Lancet Haematology"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usanga, E. A. & Luzzatto, L. Adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient host red cells by production of parasite-encoded enzyme, (1985).","DOI":"10.1038\/313793a0"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V69.5.1528.1528","volume":"69","author":"A Yoshida","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yoshida, A. & Roth, E. F. Jr. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Blood 69, 1528\u20131530 (1987).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90676-9","volume":"299","author":"U Bienzle","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bienzle, U., Lucas, A., Ayeni, O. & Luzzatto, L. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malaria: greater resistance of females heterozygous for enzyme deficiency and of males with non-deficient variant. The Lancet 299, 107\u2013110 (1972).","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR50","unstructured":"Ruwende, C., Khoo, S. C., Snow, R. W., Green, L. S. & Danubio, M. E. Protection against severe malaria for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency hemizygotes and heterozygotes in Africa. Adaptation to Malaria: The Interaction of Biology and Culture, 73\u201386 (1997)."},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","volume":"6","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati, A. et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS medicine 6, e1000100, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR52","unstructured":"Deeks, J. J., Altman, D. G. & Bradburn, M. J. In Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-Analysis in Context(eds Egger M., Smith G. D. & Altman D. G. ) (BMJ Publishing Group, 2008)."},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J. & Altman, D. G. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Bmj 327, 557\u2013560, doi: 10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557 (2003).","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"J Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins, J., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J. & Altman, D. G. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses [journal article as teaching resource, deposited by John Flynn]. British medical journal 327, 557\u2013560 (2003).","journal-title":"British medical journal"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begg, C. B. & Mazumdar, M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics, 1088\u20131101 (1994).","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"BFsrep45963_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M. & Minder, C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Bmj 315, 629\u2013634 (1997).","journal-title":"Bmj"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45963.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45963","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/srep45963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45963.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T13:27:02Z","timestamp":1671802022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep45963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep45963","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45963"}}