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We now show that, while Xid mice showed only mild reduction in the frequency of the late transitional (T2) stage of peripheral B cells, the defect became severe when the Xid genotype was combined with either a CD40-null, a TCRbeta-null or an MHC class II (MHCII)-null genotype. Purified Xid T1 and T2 B cells survived poorly<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>compared to wild-type (WT) cells. BAFF rescued WT but not Xid T1 and T2 B cells from death in culture, while CD40 ligation equivalently rescued both. Xid transitional B cells<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>showed low levels of the p100 protein substrate for non-canonical NF-kappaB signalling.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, CD40 ligation induced equivalent activation of the canonical but not of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway in Xid and WT T1 and T2 B cells. CD40 ligation efficiently rescued p100-null T1 B cells from neglect-induced death<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. These data indicate that CD40-mediated signals, likely from CD4 T cells, can mediate peripheral transitional B cell maturation independent of Btk and the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway, and thus contribute to the understanding of the complexities of peripheral B cell maturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T10:09:31Z","timestamp":1491386971000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mediation of transitional B cell maturation in the absence of functional Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Tanwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atika","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vineeth","family":"Varanasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tapas","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramanamurthy","family":"Boppana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumen","family":"Basak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vineeta","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satyajit","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep46029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(07)95001-4","volume":"95","author":"JG Monroe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monroe, J. 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