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To that end, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to sequence the 16S ribosomal RNA (<jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>) gene in 20 hospitalized pediatric patients with severe or complicated AGE and a further 20 otherwise healthy children; the fecal microbiome was then assessed. Comparative metagenomics data were analyzed by a Wilcoxon rank\u2013sum test and hierarchical clustering analysis of bacterial reads. The statistical analyses showed a significantly decreased Shannon diversity index (entropy score) of the intestinal microbiota in patients with severe AGE compared with normal controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) and patients with mild-to-moderate AGE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011). The intestinal microbiota score of the 5 patients with rotavirus AGE was significantly lower than that of those with norovirus infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048). Greater richness in <jats:italic>Campylobacteraceae (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0003), <jats:italic>Neisseriaceae (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0115), <jats:italic>Methylobacteriaceae (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0004), <jats:italic>Sphingomonadaceae (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0221), and <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0451) was found in patients with complicated AGE compared with normal controls. The data suggest a significant reduction in intestinal microbial diversity in patients with severe AGE, particularly those with rotavirus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T09:23:01Z","timestamp":1491902581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Intestinal microbiome in children with severe and complicated acute viral gastroenteritis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shih-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Neu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Shien","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Yeh","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsun-Ching","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hsun","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep46130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328331b6b4","volume":"25","author":"MC Abt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abt, M. 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The error has not been fixed in the paper.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2017","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Erratum","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46130; published online: 11 April 2017; updated: 26 May 2017. In this Article, an affiliation for Chi-Neu Tsai was omitted. The correct affiliations for Chi-Neu Tsai are listed below: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Children\u2019s Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"46130"}}