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The goal of the present study was to investigate the incidence of SCD\/VAs amongst patients with and without AF. We also aimed to identify important risk factors of SCD\/VAs among AF patients. Using the \u201cNational Health Insurance Research Database\u201d in Taiwan, a total of 352,656 AF and 352,656 non-AF patients without antecedent SCD\/VAs were identified. The annual risk of SCD\/VAs was higher in AF than non-AF groups (0.97% versus 0.47%) with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64. The increased risk of SCD\/VAs in AF patients was consistently observed in different age strata, various comorbidities and patients without use of class I\/III anti-arrhythmic drugs or digoxin. Among AF patients, age \u226575 years, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous stroke\/transient ischemic attack, vascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were important risk factors for SCD\/VAs. In conclusion, the risk of SCD\/VAs amongst AF patients was 1.64-fold higher compared to non-AF patients, which was associated with the number of clinical risk factors associated with the particular AF patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T10:39:19Z","timestamp":1492598359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Risk and Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death and Ventricular Arrhythmias for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation \u2013 A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tze-Fan","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ta-Chuan","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzeng-Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y. 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