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The main goal of the study was to investigate, through analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), whether in RLS patients the <jats:italic>MEIS1<\/jats:italic> polymorphism at risk influences the sympathovagal regulation in different sleep stages. Sixty-four RLS patients with periodic leg movement index above 15 per hour, and 38 controls underwent one night of video-polysomnographic recording. HRV in the frequency- and time- domains was analyzed during nighttime sleep. All RLS patients were genotyped, and homozygotes for rs2300478 in the <jats:italic>MEIS1<\/jats:italic> locus were used for further analysis. Comparison of the sympathovagal pattern of RLS patients to control subjects did not show significant differences after adjustments for confounding factors in frequency-domain analyses, but showed an increased variability during N2 and N3 stages in time-domain analyses in RLS patients. Sorting of RLS patients according to <jats:italic>MEIS1<\/jats:italic> polymorphism reconfirmed the association between <jats:italic>MEIS1<\/jats:italic> and PLMS, and showed a significant increased sympathovagal balance during N3 stage in those homozygotes for the risk allele. RLS patients should be considered differently depending on <jats:italic>MEIS1<\/jats:italic> genotype, some being potentially at risk for cardiovascular disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T09:39:21Z","timestamp":1492681161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["MEIS1 variant as a determinant of autonomic imbalance in Restless Legs Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Thireau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Molinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Bouilloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Torreilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Winkelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Dauvilliers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Marmig\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep46620_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328365ab07","volume":"19","author":"Y Dauvilliers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dauvilliers, Y. & Winkelmann, J. 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