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The trial had a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design. Patients aged 18\u201339 years with schizophrenia or related psychoses were consecutively included at admission to psychiatric departments in Norway. They received active or placebo ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA) 2\u2009g\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and active or placebo vitamin E 364\u2009mg\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>+vitamin C 1000\u2009mg\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (vitamins) for 16 weeks. The main outcome measures were Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and subscales scores, analyzed by linear mixed models. Ninety-nine patients were included. At baseline, erythrocyte PUFA were measured in 97 subjects. Given separately, EPA and vitamins increased drop-out rates, whereas when combined they did not differ from placebo. In low PUFA patients, EPA alone impaired the course of total PANSS (Cohen\u2019s <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=0.29; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.03) and psychotic symptoms (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=0.40; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.003), especially persecutory delusions (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=0.48; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0004). Vitamins alone impaired the course of psychotic symptoms (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>= 0.37; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.005), especially persecutory delusions (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=0.47; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0005). Adding vitamins to EPA neutralized the detrimental effect on psychosis (interaction <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=0.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.02). In high PUFA patients, there were no significant effects of trial drugs on PANSS scales. In conclusion, given separately during an acute episode, EPA and vitamins E+C induce psychotic symptoms in patients with low levels of PUFA. Combined, these agents seem safe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T14:38:07Z","timestamp":1387291087000},"page":"e335-e335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["A randomized placebo-controlled trial of an omega-3 fatty acid and vitamins E+C in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Bentsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Osnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Refsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D K","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"B\u00f8hmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp2013110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.05.025","volume":"122","author":"R Tandon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tandon R, Nasrallah HA, Keshavan MS . 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