{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:01:27Z","timestamp":1789988487771,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvement of obsessions and compulsions by deep brain stimulation (DBS) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often preceded by a rapid and transient mood elevation (hypomania). In a previous study we showed that improvement of mood by DBS for OCD is associated with a decreased activity of the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary adrenal axis. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the time course of rapid clinical changes following DBS reactivation in more detail and to assess their association with additional neuroendocrine parameters. We included therapy-refractory OCD patients treated with DBS (&gt;1 year) and performed a baseline assessment of symptoms, as well as plasma concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, growth hormone, copeptin and homovanillic acid. This was repeated after a 1-week DBS OFF condition. Next, we assessed the rapid effects of DBS reactivation by measuring psychiatric symptom changes using visual analog scales as well as repeated neuroendocrine measures after 30\u2009min, 2\u2009h and 6\u2009h. OCD, anxiety and depressive symptoms markedly increased during the 1-week OFF condition and decreased again to a similar extent already 2\u2009h after DBS reactivation. We found lower plasma prolactin (41% decrease, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.003) and TSH (39% decrease, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.003) levels during DBS OFF, which increased significantly already 30\u2009min after DBS reactivation. The rapid and simultaneous increase in TSH and prolactin is likely to result from stimulation of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which may underlie the commonly observed transient mood elevation following DBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T14:44:09Z","timestamp":1453819449000},"page":"e722-e722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Rapid effects of deep brain stimulation reactivation on symptoms and neuroendocrine parameters in obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"P P","family":"de Koning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Figee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Endert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"van den Munckhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P R","family":"Schuurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J G","family":"Storosum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Fliers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0200-8","volume":"13","author":"PP De Koning","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Koning PP, Figee M, van den Munckhof P, Schuurman PR, Denys D . Current status of deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a clinical review of different targets. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2011; 13: 274\u2013282.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.122","volume":"67","author":"D Denys","year":"2010","unstructured":"Denys D, Mantione M, Figee M, van den Munckhof P, Koerselman F, Westenberg H et al. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67: 1061\u20131068.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BFtp2015222_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.009","volume":"54","author":"IU Haq","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haq IU, Foote KD, Goodman WG, Wu SS, Sudhyadhom A, Ricciuti N et al. Smile and laughter induction and intraoperative predictors of response to deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroimage 2011; 54 (Suppl 1): S247\u2013S255.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.12.006","volume":"38","author":"PP De Koning","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Koning PP, Figee M, Endert E, Storosum JG, Fliers E, Denys D . Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with cortisol changes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38: 1455\u20131459.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008","volume":"46","author":"WK Goodman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Delgado P, Heninger GR et al. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale II. Validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 1012\u20131016.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007","volume":"46","author":"WK Goodman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL et al. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 1006\u20131011.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","volume":"23","author":"M Hamilton","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hamilton M . A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56\u201362.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.060038","volume":"52","author":"N Morgenthaler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morgenthaler N, Struck J, Alonso C, Bergmann A . Assay for the measurement of copeptin, a stable peptide derived from the precursor of vasopressin. Clin Chem 2006; 52: 112\u2013119.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)53011-0","volume":"153","author":"E Fliers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fliers E, Alkemade A, Wiersinga WM, Swaab DF . Hypothalamic thyroid hormone feedback in health and disease. Prog Brain Res 2006; 153: 189\u2013207.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1523","volume":"80","author":"ME Freeman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, Nagy G . Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiol Rev 2000; 80: 1523\u20131631.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.06.021","volume":"75","author":"M Figee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Figee M, de Koning P, Klaassen S, Vulink N, Mantione M, van den Munckhof P et al. Deep brain stimulation induces striatal dopamine release in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75: 647\u2013652.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830150034007","volume":"54","author":"LB Marangell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marangell LB, George MS, Callahan AM, Ketter TA, Pazzaglia PJ, L\u2019Herrou TA et al. Effects of intrathecal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (protirelin) in refractory depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 214\u2013222.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000169037.17884.79","volume":"25","author":"MP Szuba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Szuba MP, Amsterdam JD, Fernando AT 3rd, Gary KA, Whybrow PC, Winokur A . Rapid antidepressant response after nocturnal TRH administration in patients with bipolar type I and bipolar type II major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25: 325\u2013330.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"BFtp2015222_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.581","volume":"15","author":"JT McCracken","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCracken JT, Hanna GL . Elevated thyroid indices in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of clomipramine treatment. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2005; 15: 581\u2013587.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2015222.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2015222","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2015222.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T08:39:52Z","timestamp":1672821592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2015222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFtp2015222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2015.222","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2015","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2015","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"PRS acts as independent consultant for Medtronic on educational matters. DD receives occasional fees from Medtronic for educational purposes. This DBS intervention was supported by an unrestricted investigator-initiated research grant by Medtronic, which provided the devices used. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}