{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:03:15Z","timestamp":1781010195177,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult antisocial behavior (AAB) is moderately heritable, relatively common and has adverse consequences for individuals and society. We examined the molecular genetic basis of AAB in 1379 participants from a case\u2013control study in which the cases met criteria for alcohol dependence. We also examined whether genes of interest were expressed in human brain. AAB was measured using a count of the number of Antisocial Personality Disorder criteria endorsed under criterion A from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV). Participants were genotyped on the Illumina Human 1M BeadChip. In total, all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) accounted for 25% of the variance in AAB, although this estimate was not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.09). Enrichment tests indicated that more significantly associated genes were over-represented in seven gene sets, and most were immune related. Our most highly associated SNP (rs4728702,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=5.77 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>) was located in the protein-coding adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR\/TAP), member 1 (<jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic>). In a gene-based test,<jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic>was genome-wide significant (<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>=0.03). Expression analyses indicated that<jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic>was robustly expressed in the brain.<jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic>has been implicated in substance use, and in<jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>tests we found that variation in<jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic>was associated with DSM-IV alcohol and cocaine dependence criterion counts. These results suggest that<jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic>may confer risk across externalizing behaviors, and are consistent with previous suggestions that immune pathways are associated with externalizing behaviors. The results should be tempered by the fact that we did not replicate the associations for<jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic>or the gene sets in a less-affected independent sample.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T14:02:49Z","timestamp":1430229769000},"page":"e558-e558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Genome-wide association data suggest ABCB1 and immune-related gene sets may be involved in adult antisocial behavior"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"J E","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A C","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J N","family":"McClintick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T B","family":"Bigdeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Adkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Aliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H J","family":"Edenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Foroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Hesselbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J I","family":"Nurnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Schuckit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Tischfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Xuei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp201536_CR1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Washington, DC, 1994."},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0711","volume":"65","author":"BF Grant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Ruan WJ et al. Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 948\u2013958.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.12.1125","volume":"59","author":"Q Fu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fu Q, Heath AC, Bucholz KK, Nelson E, Goldberg J, Lyons M et al. Shared genetic risk of major depresson, alcohol dependence, and marijuana dependence: Contribution of antisocial personality disorder in men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 1125\u20131132.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402002110","volume":"14","author":"KC Jacobson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS . Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on the development of antisocial behavior. Dev Psychopathol 2002; 14: 395\u2013416.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002924","volume":"38","author":"S Torgersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Torgersen S, Czajkowski N, Jacobson K, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Roysamb E, Neale MC et al. Dimensional representations of DSM-IV cluster B personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: a multivariate study. Psychol Med 2008; 38: 1617\u20131625.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950230020005","volume":"52","author":"MJ Lyons","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lyons MJ, True WR, Eisen SA, Goldberg J, Meyer JM, Faraone SV et al. Differential heritability of adult and juvenile antisocial traits. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52: 906\u2013915.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.3.490","volume":"128","author":"SH Rhee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rhee SH, Waldman ID . Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies. Psychol Bull 2002; 128: 490\u2013529.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3283457c15","volume":"21","author":"K Douglas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Douglas K, Chan G, Gelernter J, Arias AJ, Anton RF, Poling J et al. 5-HTTLPR as a potential moderator of the effects of adverse childhood experiences on risk of antisocial personality disorder. Psychiat Genet 2011; 21: 240\u2013248.","journal-title":"Psychiat Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.7.738","volume":"61","author":"DL Foley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Foley DL, Eaves LJ, Wormley B, Silberg JL, Maes HH, Kuhn J et al. Childhood adversity, monoamine oxidase A genotype, and risk for conduct disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61: 738\u2013744.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3283328df4","volume":"19","author":"T Fowler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fowler T, Langley K, Rice F, van den Bree MBM, Ross K, Wilkinson LS et al. Psychopathy trait scores in adolescents with childhood ADHD: the contribution of genotypes affecting MAOA, 5HTT and COMT activity. Psychiat Genet 2009; 19: 312\u2013319.","journal-title":"Psychiat Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-014-9661-y","volume":"44","author":"CA Ficks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ficks CA, Waldman ID . Candidate genes for aggression and antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of association studies of the 5HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR. Behav Genet 2014; 44: 427\u2013444.","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020191","volume":"168","author":"L Duncan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duncan L, Keller MC . A critical review of the first ten years of measured gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 2011; 168: 1041\u20131049.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045086","volume":"7","author":"JJ Tielbeek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tielbeek JJ, Medland SE, Benyamin B, Byrne EM, Heath AC, Madden PA et al. Unraveling the genetic etiology of adult antisocial behavior: a genome-wide association study. PLoS One 2012; 7: e45086.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6721-2_11","volume":"67","author":"B Hammerle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hammerle B, Elizalde C, Galceran J, Becker W, Tejedor FJ . The MNB\/DYRK1A protein kinase: neurobiological functions and Down syndrome implications. J Neural Transm Suppl 2003; 67: 129\u2013137.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-013-9606-x","volume":"43","author":"M McGue","year":"2013","unstructured":"McGue M, Zhang Y, Miller MB, Basu S, Vrieze S, Hicks B et al. A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition. Behav Genet 2013; 43: 363\u2013373.","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.08.027","volume":"75","author":"SI Vrieze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vrieze SI, Feng S, Miller MB, Hicks BM, Pankratz N, Abecasis GR et al. Rare nonsynonymous exonic variants in addiction and behavioral disinhibition. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75: 783\u2013789.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0602","volume":"66","author":"WM Compton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Compton WM, Conway KP, Stinson FS, Colliver JD, Grant BF . Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of DSM-IV antisocial personality syndromes and alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 677\u2013685.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.9.929","volume":"60","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Prescott CA, Myers J, Neale MC . The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 929\u2013937.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR19","first-page":"228","volume":"19","author":"H Begleiter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Begleiter H, Reich T, Hesselbrock V, Porjesz B, Li TK, Schuckit MA et al. The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism. Alcohol Health Res W 1995; 19: 228\u2013236.","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res W"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01156.x","volume":"34","author":"HJ Edenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edenberg HJ, Koller DL, Xuei X, Wetherill L, McClintick JN, Almasy L et al. Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence implicates a region on chromosome 11. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34: 840\u2013852.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.94913618.x","volume":"94","author":"M Hesselbrock","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hesselbrock M, Easton C, Bucholz KK, Schuckit M, Hesselbrock V . A validity study of the SSAGA\u2014a comparison with the SCAN. Addiction 1999; 94: 1361\u20131370.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1994.55.149","volume":"55","author":"KK Bucholz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bucholz KK, Cadoret R, Cloninger CR, Dinwiddie SH, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JL et al. A new, semi-structured psychiatric interview for use in genetic linkage studies: a report on the reliability of the SSAGA. J Stud Alcohol 1994; 55: 149\u2013158.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1785","volume":"9","author":"O Delaneau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delaneau O, Marchini J, Zagury JF . A linear complexity phasing method for thousands of genomes. Nat Methods 2012; 9: 179\u2013181.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2307","volume":"10","author":"O Delaneau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delaneau O, Zagury JF, Marchini J . Improved whole-chromosome phasing for disease and population genetic studies. Nat Methods 2013; 10: 5\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11632","volume":"491","author":"The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium","year":"2012","unstructured":"The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes. Nature 2012; 491: 56\u201365.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011","volume":"88","author":"J Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang J, Lee SH, Goddard ME, Visscher PM . GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88: 76\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira M, Bender D et al. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81: 559\u2013575.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.01.019","volume":"88","author":"MX Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li MX, Gui HS, Kwan JS, Sham PC . GATES: a rapid and powerful gene-based association test using extended Simes procedure. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88: 283\u2013293.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.08.004","volume":"91","author":"MX Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li MX, Kwan JS, Sham PC . HYST: a hybrid set-based test for genome-wide association studies, with application to protein-protein interaction-based association analysis. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91: 478\u2013488.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y . Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Statist Soc B 1995; 57: 289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Statist Soc B"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq324","volume":"38","author":"K Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang K, Cui S, Chang S, Zhang L, Wang J . i-GSEA4GWAS: a web server for identification of pathways\/gene sets associated with traits by applying an improved gene set enrichment analysis to genome-wide association study. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38: W90\u2013W95.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2014.07.004","volume":"48","author":"JN McClintick","year":"2014","unstructured":"McClintick JN, Brooks AI, Deng L, Liang L, Wang JC, Kapoor M et al. Ethanol treatment of lymphoblastoid cell lines from alcoholics and non-alcoholics causes many subtle changes in gene expression. Alcohol 2014; 48: 603\u2013610.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.143","volume":"18","author":"JC Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang JC, Foroud T, Hinrichs AL, Le NX, Bertelsen S, Budde JP et al. A genome-wide association study of alcohol-dependence symptom counts in extended pedigrees identifies C15orf53. Mol Psychiatr 2013; 18: 1218\u20131224.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp710","volume":"26","author":"MH Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen MH, Yang Q . GWAF: an R package for genome-wide association analyses with family data. Bioinformatics 2010; 26: 580\u2013581.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq419","volume":"26","author":"RJ Pruim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pruim RJ, Welch RP, Sanna S, Teslovich TM, Chines PS, Gliedt TP et al. LocusZoom: regional visualization of genome-wide association scan results. Bioinformatics 2010; 26: 2336\u20132337.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75359","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075359","volume":"8","author":"B Beer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beer B, Erb R, Pavlic M, Ulmer H, Giacomuzzi S, Riemer Y et al. Association of polymorphisms in pharmacogenetic candidate genes (OPRD1, GAL, ABCB1, OPRM1) with opioid dependence in European population: a case-control study. PLoS One 2013; 8: e75359.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.07.016","volume":"33","author":"A Benyamina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benyamina A, Bonhomme-Faivre L, Picard V, Sabbagh A, Richard D, Blecha L et al. Association between ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and increased risk of cannabis dependence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33: 1270\u20131274.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32833db216","volume":"21","author":"KM Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin KM, Chiu YF, Tsai IJ, Chen CH, Shen WW, Liu SC et al. ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the severity of major depressive disorder and its response to escitalopram treatment. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21: 163\u2013170.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05275.x","volume":"1187","author":"V Yuferov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yuferov V, Levran O, Proudnikov D, Nielsen DA, Kreek MJ . Search for genetic markers and functional variants involved in the development of opiate and cocaine addiction and treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1187: 184\u2013207.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2013.08.004","volume":"47","author":"WJ McBride","year":"2013","unstructured":"McBride WJ, Kimpel MW, McClintick JN, Ding ZM, Hyytia P, Colombo G et al. Gene expression within the extended amygdala of 5 pairs of rat lines selectively bred for high or low ethanol consumption. Alcohol 2013; 47: 517\u2013529.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.04.016","volume":"102","author":"WJ McBride","year":"2012","unstructured":"McBride WJ, Kimpel MW, McClintick JN, Ding ZM, Hyytia P, Colombo G et al. Gene expression in the ventral tegmental area of 5 pairs of rat lines selectively bred for high or low ethanol consumption. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102: 275\u2013285.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12124","volume":"65","author":"D Theile","year":"2013","unstructured":"Theile D, Schmidt TT, Haefeli WE, Weiss J . In-vitro evaluation of chronic alcohol effects on expression of drug-metabolizing and drug-transporting proteins. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65: 1518\u20131525.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.01.023","volume":"89","author":"ZA Rodd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rodd ZA, Kimpel MW, Edenberg HJ, Bell RL, Strother WN, McClintick JN et al. Differential gene expression in the nucleus accumbens with ethanol self-administration in inbred alcohol-preferring rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 89: 481\u2013498.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-013-9584-z","volume":"43","author":"SI Vrieze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vrieze SI, McGue M, Miller MB, Hicks BM, Iacono WG . Three mutually informative ways to understand the genetic relationships among behavioral disinhibition, alcohol use, drug use, nicotine use\/dependence, and their co-occurrence: twin biometry, GCTA, and genome-wide scoring. Behav Genet 2013; 43: 97\u2013107.","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001009)96:5<684::AID-AJMG16>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"96","author":"SE Young","year":"2000","unstructured":"Young SE, Stallings MC, Corley RP, Krauter KS, Hewitt JK . Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96: 684\u2013695.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.12.013","volume":"25","author":"KW Kelley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kelley KW, Dantzer R . Alcoholism and inflammation: neuroimmunology of behavioral and mood disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25: S13\u2013S20.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00084.x","volume":"30","author":"FT Crews","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crews FT, Bechara R, Brown LA, Guidot DM, Mandrekar P, Oak S et al. Cytokines and alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 30: 720\u2013730.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87915","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087915","volume":"9","author":"JY Zou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zou JY, Crews FT . Release of neuronal HMGB1 by ethanol through decreased HDAC activity activates brain neuroimmune signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9: e87915.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.04.001","volume":"26","author":"S Leclercq","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leclercq S, Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, Starkel P, Jamar F, Mikolajczak M et al. Role of intestinal permeability and inflammation in the biological and behavioral control of alcohol-dependent subjects. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26: 911\u2013918.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.112797","volume":"320","author":"MR Irwin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Irwin MR, Olmos L, Wang M, Valladares EM, Motivala SJ, Fong T et al. Cocaine dependence and acute cocaine induce decreases of monocyte proinflammatory cytokine expression across the diurnal period: autonomic mechanisms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 320: 507\u2013515.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.01.003","volume":"76","author":"IE Cicek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cicek IE, Cicek E, Kayhan F, Uguz F, Erayman I, Kurban S et al. The roles of BDNF, S100B, and oxidative stress in interferon-induced depression and the effect of antidepressant treatment in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a prospective study. J Psychosom Res 2014; 76: 227\u2013232.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.12.006","volume":"36","author":"BC Fabregas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fabregas BC, Abreu MN, Dos Santos AK, Moura AS, Carmo RA, Teixeira AL . Impulsiveness in chronic hepatitis C patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36: 261\u2013265.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854807311679","volume":"35","author":"DK Marcus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcus DK, Ruscio J, Lilienfeld SO, Hughes KT . Converging evidence for the latent structure of antisocial personality disorder: consistency of taxometric and latent class analyses. Crim Justice Behav 2008; 35: 284\u2013293.","journal-title":"Crim Justice Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ypg.0000185027.89816.d9","volume":"16","author":"C Fehr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fehr C, Sander T, Tadic A, Lenzen KP, Anghelescu I, Klawe C et al. Confirmation of association of the GABRA2 gene with alcohol dependence by subtype-specific analysis. Psychiatr Genet 2006; 16: 9\u201317.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1086\/383283","volume":"74","author":"HJ Edenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edenberg HJ, Dick DM, Xuei X, Tian H, Almasy L, Bauer LO et al. Variations in GABRA2, encoding the \u03b12 subunit of the GABA-A receptor are associated with alcohol dependence and with brain oscillations. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 74: 705\u2013714.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30091","volume":"129B","author":"J Covault","year":"2004","unstructured":"Covault J, Gelernter J, Hesselbrock V, Nellissery M, Kranzler HR . Allelic and haplotypic association of GABRA2 with alcohol dependence. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 129B: 104\u2013109.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12352","volume":"38","author":"DE Irons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Irons DE, Iacono WG, Oetting WS, Kirkpatrick RM, Vrieze SI, Miller MB et al. Gamma-aminobutyric Acid system genes-no evidence for a role in alcohol use and abuse in a community-based sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38: 938\u2013947.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201536_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07740-1","volume":"359","author":"S Fazel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fazel S, Danesh J . Serious mental disorder in 23\u2009000 prisoners: a systematic review of 62 surveys. Lancet 2002; 359: 545\u2013550.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201536.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201536","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201536.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T17:07:55Z","timestamp":1717866475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFtp201536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2015.36","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}