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These relationships may be easier to identify among patients early in the course of disease who have limited exposure to antipsychotic drugs. We examined 86 first episode patients (schizophrenia, psychotic bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder with psychotic features) who had minimal to no prior antipsychotic exposure in a 6-week pharmacogenomic study of antipsychotic treatment response. Response was measured by change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score. Risperidone monotherapy was the primary antipsychotic treatment. Pharmacogenomic association studies were completed to (1) examine candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes known to be involved with glutamate signaling, and (2) conduct an exploratory genome-wide association study of symptom response to identify potential novel associations for future investigation. Two SNPs in <jats:italic>GRM7<\/jats:italic> (rs2069062 and rs2014195) were significantly associated with antipsychotic response in candidate gene analysis, as were two SNPs in the human glutamate receptor delta 2 (<jats:italic>GRID2)<\/jats:italic> gene (rs9307122 and rs1875705) in genome-wide association analysis. Further examination of these findings with those from a separate risperidone-treated study sample demonstrated that top SNPs in both studies were overrepresented in glutamate genes and that there were similarities in neurodevelopmental gene categories associated with drug response from both study samples. These associations indicate a role for gene variants related to glutamate signaling and antipsychotic response with more broad association patterns indicating the potential importance of genes involved in neuronal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T15:11:33Z","timestamp":1456240293000},"page":"e739-e739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Antipsychotic pharmacogenomics in first episode psychosis: a role for glutamate genes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M S H","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S R","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Weiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K M","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Badner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V L","family":"Nimgaonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Keshavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp201610_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112439252","volume":"26","author":"M Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taylor M, Cavanagh J, Hodgson R, Tiihonen J . 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The contents of this work are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH. JRB and MSK (with other authors as collaborators) received separate research funding from Ortho-McNeil Janssen related to this work. JRB and PJW have been consultants to Ortho-McNeil Janssen. JAS has been a consultant to Roche, Takeda and Eli Lilly. MSK has received research grant support from Sunovion. JLR has received research grant support from Naurex. PJW has been a consultant for Alkermes, Delpor, Envivo, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, Otsuka, Sunovion, Teva, and Vanda; has presented at speaker bureaus on behalf of Alkermes, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), Lundbeck, Novartis, Otsuka, and Sunovion; has received grant support from Alkermes, Envivo, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), Neurocrine, Novartis, Otsuka, Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, and Vanda; and is a stockholder of Delpor. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}