{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:04:57Z","timestamp":1787699097763,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T14:46:46Z","timestamp":1458053206000},"page":"e760-e760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition as a new potential therapeutic target for alcohol abuse"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"P P","family":"Sanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G F","family":"Koob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L F","family":"Vendruscolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Repunte-Canonigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp201613_CR1","unstructured":"SAMHSA Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings, NSDUH Series H-46, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4795. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Rockville, MD, USA, 2013."},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berrettini W . Opioid pharmacogenetics of alcohol addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3: a012203.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012203"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.11950","volume":"174","author":"BJ Mason","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mason BJ, Quello S, Goodell V, Shadan F, Kyle M, Begovic A . Gabapentin treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174: 70\u201377.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01616.x","volume":"36","author":"BJ Mason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mason BJ, Lehert P . Acamprosate for alcohol dependence: a sex-specific meta-analysis based on individual patient data. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36: 497\u2013508.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.2005.s15.56","volume":"15","author":"D Goldman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goldman D, Oroszi G, O'Malley S, Anton R . COMBINE genetics study: the pharmacogenetics of alcoholism treatment response: genes and mechanisms. J Stud Alcohol Suppl 2005; 15: 56\u201364.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Suppl"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00454.x","volume":"17","author":"RZ Litten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Litten RZ, Egli M, Heilig M, Cui C, Fertig JB, Ryan ML et al. Medications development to treat alcohol dependence: a vision for the next decade. Addict Biol 2012; 17: 513\u2013527.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06455.x","volume":"28","author":"HN Richardson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Richardson HN, Lee SY, O'Dell LE, Koob GF, Rivier CL . Alcohol self-administration acutely stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but alcohol dependence leads to a dampened neuroendocrine state. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28: 1641\u20131653.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01988.x","volume":"24","author":"DD Rasmussen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rasmussen DD, Boldt BM, Bryant CA, Mitton DR, Larsen SA, Wilkinson CW . Chronic daily ethanol and withdrawal: 1. Long-term changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000; 24: 1836\u20131849.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000087581.13912.64","volume":"27","author":"B Adinoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adinoff B, Ruether K, Krebaum S, Iranmanesh A, Williams MJ . Increased salivary cortisol concentrations during chronic alcohol intoxication in a naturalistic clinical sample of men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003; 27: 1420\u20131427.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02036.x","volume":"24","author":"WR Lovallo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lovallo WR, Dickensheets SL, Myers DA, Thomas TL, Nixon SJ . Blunted stress cortisol response in abstinent alcoholic and polysubstance-abusing men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000; 24: 651\u2013658.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00131.x","volume":"14","author":"M Uhart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uhart M, Wand GS . Stress, alcohol and drug interaction: an update of human research. Addict Biol 2009; 14: 43\u201364.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.49","volume":"68","author":"R Sinha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sinha R, Fox HC, Hong KI, Hansen J, Tuit K, Kreek MJ . Effects of adrenal sensitivity, stress- and cue-induced craving, and anxiety on subsequent alcohol relapse and treatment outcomes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011; 68: 942\u2013952.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79828","volume":"125","author":"LF Vendruscolo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vendruscolo LF, Estey D, Goodell V, Macshane LG, Logrip ML, Schlosburg JE et al. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism decreases alcohol seeking in alcohol-dependent individuals. J Clin Invest 2015; 125: 3193\u20133197.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245190","volume":"117","author":"C Fahlke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fahlke C, Hard E, Eriksson CJ, Engel JA, Hansen S . Consequence of long-term exposure to corticosterone or dexamethasone on ethanol consumption in the adrenalectomized rat, and the effect of type I and type II corticosteroid receptor antagonists. Psychopharmacology 1995; 117: 216\u2013224.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7563","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0069-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"LF Vendruscolo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vendruscolo LF, Barbier E, Schlosburg JE, Misra KK, Whitfield TW Jr., Logrip ML et al. Corticosteroid-dependent plasticity mediates compulsive alcohol drinking in rats. J Neurosci 2012; 32: 7563\u20137571.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0593-5","volume":"16","author":"V Repunte-Canonigo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Repunte-Canonigo V, Shin W, Vendruscolo LF, Lefebvre C, Koob GF, Califano A et al. Identifying candidate drivers of alcohol dependence-induced excessive drinking by assembly and interrogation of brain-specific regulatory networks. Genome Biol 2015; 16: 68.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.11.006","volume":"62","author":"S Edwards","year":"2012","unstructured":"Edwards S, Vendruscolo LF, Schlosburg JE, Misra KK, Wee S, Park PE et al. Development of mechanical hypersensitivity in rats during heroin and ethanol dependence: alleviation by CRF(1) receptor antagonism. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62: 1142\u20131151.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00020.2012","volume":"93","author":"K Chapman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chapman K, Holmes M, Seckl J . 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: intracellular gate-keepers of tissue glucocorticoid action. Physiol Rev 2013; 93: 1139\u20131206.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06019","volume":"186","author":"N Draper","year":"2005","unstructured":"Draper N, Stewart PM . 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the pre-receptor regulation of corticosteroid hormone action. J Endocrinol 2005; 186: 251\u2013271.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R11","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(94)90176-7","volume":"105","author":"AL Albiston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Albiston AL, Obeyesekere VR, Smith RE, Krozowski ZS . Cloning and tissue distribution of the human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1994; 105: R11\u2013R17.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0780049","volume":"78","author":"PM Stewart","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stewart PM, Wallace AM, Atherden SM, Shearing CH, Edwards CR . Mineralocorticoid activity of carbenoxolone: contrasting effects of carbenoxolone and liquorice on 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in man. Clin Sci (Lond) 1990; 78: 49\u201354.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"11 Suppl","key":"BFtp201613_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43S","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309384","volume":"30","author":"G Bertaccini","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bertaccini G, Coruzzi G . Pharmacology of the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Dig Dis Sci 1985; 30 (11 Suppl): 43S\u201351S.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021194","volume":"88","author":"RC Andrews","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andrews RC, Rooyackers O, Walker BR . Effects of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carbenoxolone on insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 285\u2013291.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01051.x","volume":"33","author":"NW Gilpin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gilpin NW, Smith AD, Cole M, Weiss F, Koob GF, Richardson HN . Operant behavior and alcohol levels in blood and brain of alcohol-dependent rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33: 2113\u20132123.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2003.64.445","volume":"64","author":"R Rimondini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rimondini R, Sommer W, Heilig M . A temporal threshold for induction of persistent alcohol preference: behavioral evidence in a rat model of intermittent intoxication. J Stud Alcohol 2003; 64: 445\u2013449.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00167-0","volume":"22","author":"AJ Roberts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roberts AJ, Heyser CJ, Cole M, Griffin P, Koob GF . Excessive ethanol drinking following a history of dependence: animal model of allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 22: 581\u2013594.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050216","volume":"7","author":"SS Prasad Sakamuri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prasad Sakamuri SS, Sukapaka M, Prathipati VK, Nemani H, Putcha UK, Pothana S et al. Carbenoxolone treatment ameliorated metabolic syndrome in WNIN\/Ob obese rats, but induced severe fat loss and glucose intolerance in lean rats. PLoS One 2012; 7: e50216.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069233","volume":"8","author":"S Beraki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beraki S, Litrus L, Soriano L, Monbureau M, To LK, Braithwaite SP et al. A pharmacological screening approach for discovery of neuroprotective compounds in ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2013; 8: e69233.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.08.021","volume":"47","author":"P Gareri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gareri P, Condorelli D, Belluardo N, Russo E, Loiacono A, Barresi V et al. Anticonvulsant effects of carbenoxolone in genetically epilepsy prone rats (GEPRs). Neuropharmacology 2004; 47: 1205\u20131216.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.10.047","volume":"484","author":"P Gareri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gareri P, Condorelli D, Belluardo N, Gratteri S, Ferreri G, Donato Di Paola E et al. Influence of carbenoxolone on the anticonvulsant efficacy of conventional antiepileptic drugs against audiogenic seizures in DBA\/2 mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 484: 49\u201356.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000149977.95306.3A","volume":"28","author":"HC Becker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Becker HC, Lopez MF . Increased ethanol drinking after repeated chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal experience in C57BL\/6 mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004; 28: 1829\u20131838.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0026-3","volume":"181","author":"MF Lopez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lopez MF, Becker HC . Effect of pattern and number of chronic ethanol exposures on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake in C57BL\/6J mice. Psychopharmacology 2005; 181: 688\u2013696.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.10.007","volume":"84","author":"JS Rhodes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rhodes JS, Best K, Belknap JK, Finn DA, Crabbe JC . Evaluation of a simple model of ethanol drinking to intoxication in C57BL\/6J mice. Physiol Behav 2005; 84: 53\u201363.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00210.x","volume":"6","author":"JS Rhodes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rhodes JS, Ford MM, Yu CH, Brown LL, Finn DA, Garland T Jr. et al. Mouse inbred strain differences in ethanol drinking to intoxication. Genes Brain Behav 2007; 6: 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2174\/1875397300903010022","volume":"3","author":"F Degorce","year":"2009","unstructured":"Degorce F, Card A, Soh S, Trinquet E, Knapik GP, Xie B . HTRF: A technology tailored for drug discovery\u2014a review of theoretical aspects and recent applications. Curr Chem Genomics 2009; 3: 22\u201332.","journal-title":"Curr Chem Genomics"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000145781.11923.4E","volume":"28","author":"LE O'Dell","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Dell LE, Roberts AJ, Smith RT, Koob GF . Enhanced alcohol self-administration after intermittent versus continuous alcohol vapor exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004; 28: 1676\u20131682.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5129-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"W Francesconi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Francesconi W, Berton F, Repunte-Canonigo V, Hagihara K, Thurbon D, Lekic D et al. Protracted withdrawal from alcohol and drugs of abuse impairs long-term potentiation of intrinsic excitability in the juxtacapsular bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. J Neurosci 2009; 29: 5389\u20135401.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02448.x","volume":"26","author":"GR Valdez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Valdez GR, Roberts AJ, Chan K, Davis H, Brennan M, Zorrilla EP et al. Increased ethanol self-administration and anxiety-like behavior during acute ethanol withdrawal and protracted abstinence: regulation by corticotropin-releasing factor. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002; 26: 1494\u20131501.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.01.009","volume":"113","author":"D Classen-Houben","year":"2009","unstructured":"Classen-Houben D, Schuster D, Da Cunha T, Odermatt A, Wolber G, Jordis U et al. Selective inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 by 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid but not 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 113: 248\u2013252.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1517","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00522.2007","volume":"293","author":"AM Nuotio-Antar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nuotio-Antar AM, Hachey DL, Hasty AH . Carbenoxolone treatment attenuates symptoms of metabolic syndrome and atherogenesis in obese, hyperlipidemic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293: E1517\u2013E1528.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.27.6.1200","volume":"27","author":"RS Lindsay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lindsay RS, Lindsay RM, Edwards CR, Seckl JR . Inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in pregnant rats and the programming of blood pressure in the offspring. Hypertension 1996; 27: 1200\u20131204.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3110","volume":"12","author":"M Heilig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heilig M, Goldman D, Berrettini W, O'Brien CP . Pharmacogenetic approaches to the treatment of alcohol addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12: 670\u2013684.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(97)01115-2","volume":"19","author":"PV Piazza","year":"1998","unstructured":"Piazza PV, Le Moal M . The role of stress in drug self-administration. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1998; 19: 67\u201374.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90837-D","volume":"622","author":"V Deroche","year":"1993","unstructured":"Deroche V, Piazza PV, Deminiere JM, Le Moal M, Simon H . Rats orally self-administer corticosterone. Brain Res 1993; 622: 315\u2013320.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.06.053","volume":"277","author":"YL Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu YL, Richardson HN . Alcohol, stress hormones, and the prefrontal cortex: a proposed pathway to the dark side of addiction. Neuroscience 2014; 277: 139\u2013151.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2011.01.009","volume":"125","author":"TM Penning","year":"2011","unstructured":"Penning TM . Human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and pre-receptor regulation: insights into inhibitor design and evaluation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125: 46\u201356.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1021\/jm4014746","volume":"57","author":"JS Scott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scott JS, Goldberg FW, Turnbull AV . Medicinal chemistry of inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). J Med Chem 2014; 57: 4466\u20134486.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3595","volume":"20","author":"SM Strittmatter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strittmatter SM . Overcoming drug development bottlenecks with repurposing: old drugs learn new tricks. Nat Med 2014; 20: 590\u2013591.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.11.038","volume":"145","author":"G Pelletier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pelletier G, Luu-The V, Li S, Bujold G, Labrie F . Localization and glucocorticoid regulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA in the male mouse forebrain. Neuroscience 2007; 145: 110\u2013115.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.05.007","volume":"98","author":"E Kanitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanitz E, Puppe B, Tuchscherer M, Heberer M, Viergutz T, Tuchscherer A . A single exposure to social isolation in domestic piglets activates behavioural arousal, neuroendocrine stress hormones, and stress-related gene expression in the brain. Physiol Behav 2009; 98: 176\u2013185.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-12-0218","volume":"51","author":"SX Ong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ong SX, Chng K, Meaney MJ, Buschdorf JP . Decreased hippocampal mineralocorticoid:glucocorticoid receptor ratio is associated with low birth weight in female cynomolgus macaque neonates. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51: 59\u201367.","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(93)90296-9","volume":"46","author":"PH Jellinck","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jellinck PH, Monder C, McEwen BS, Sakai RR . Differential inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by carbenoxolone in rat brain regions and peripheral tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1993; 46: 209\u2013213.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306996101","volume":"101","author":"TC Sandeep","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sandeep TC, Yau JL, MacLullich AM, Noble J, Deary IJ, Walker BR et al. 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition improves cognitive function in healthy elderly men and type 2 diabetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 6734\u20136739.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F559","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90399.2008","volume":"297","author":"JC Geerling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Geerling JC, Loewy AD . Aldosterone in the brain. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297: F559\u2013F576.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.10.7664691","volume":"136","author":"BL Roland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Roland BL, Li KX, Funder JW . Hybridization histochemical localization of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in rat brain. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 4697\u20134700.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20808","volume":"494","author":"JC Geerling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geerling JC, Kawata M, Loewy AD . Aldosterone-sensitive neurons in the rat central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 2006; 494: 515\u2013527.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21019","volume":"497","author":"JC Geerling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geerling JC, Loewy AD . Aldosterone-sensitive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract: bidirectional connections with the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Comp Neurol 2006; 497: 646\u2013657.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21245","volume":"501","author":"E Shekhtman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shekhtman E, Geerling JC, Loewy AD . Aldosterone-sensitive neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract: multisynaptic pathway to the nucleus accumbens. J Comp Neurol 2007; 501: 274\u2013289.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.05.059","volume":"141","author":"SM Sequeira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sequeira SM, Geerling JC, Loewy AD . Local inputs to aldosterone-sensitive neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius. Neuroscience 2006; 141: 1995\u20132005.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.01.012","volume":"95","author":"MR Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee MR, Hinton DJ, Song JY, Lee KW, Choo C, Johng H et al. Neurotensin receptor type 1 regulates ethanol intoxication and consumption in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 95: 235\u2013241.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00539.x","volume":"15","author":"AJ Roberts","year":"1991","unstructured":"Roberts AJ, Chu HP, Crabbe JC, Keith LD . Differential modulation by the stress axis of ethanol withdrawal seizure expression in WSP and WSR mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1991; 15: 412\u2013417.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh220","volume":"41","author":"SJ Apter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Apter SJ, Eriksson CJ . The role of social isolation in the effects of alcohol on corticosterone and testosterone levels of alcohol-preferring and non-preferring rats. Alcohol Alcohol 2006; 41: 33\u201338.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.060","volume":"122","author":"LL Gathercole","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gathercole LL, Stewart PM . Targeting the pre-receptor metabolism of cortisol as a novel therapy in obesity and diabetes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 122: 21\u201327.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0239-y","volume":"49","author":"SJ Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang SJ, Birtles S, de Schoolmeester J, Swales J, Moody G, Hislop D et al. Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 reduces food intake and weight gain but maintains energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1333\u20131337.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4580","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1613","volume":"154","author":"E Harno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harno E, Cottrell EC, Yu A, DeSchoolmeester J, Gutierrez PM, Denn M et al. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) inhibitors still improve metabolic phenotype in male 11beta-HSD1 knockout mice suggesting off-target mechanisms. Endocrinology 2013; 154: 4580\u20134593.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12076","volume":"37","author":"WJ Giardino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giardino WJ, Ryabinin AE . CRF1 receptor signaling regulates food and fluid intake in the drinking-in-the-dark model of binge alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37: 1161\u20131170.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.10.008","volume":"88","author":"HN Richardson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Richardson HN, Zhao Y, Fekete EM, Funk CK, Wirsching P, Janda KD et al. MPZP: a novel small molecule corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1) antagonist. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 88: 497\u2013510.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.063","volume":"61","author":"CK Funk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Funk CK, Zorrilla EP, Lee MJ, Rice KC, Koob GF . Corticotropin-releasing factor 1 antagonists selectively reduce ethanol self-administration in ethanol-dependent rats. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61: 78\u201386.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-197611040-00002","volume":"11","author":"RM Pinder","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pinder RM, Brogden RN, Sawyer PR, Speight TM, Spencer R, Avery GS . Carbenoxolone: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in peptic ulcer disease. Drugs 1976; 11: 245\u2013307.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.10.4.299","volume":"10","author":"AG Turpie","year":"1969","unstructured":"Turpie AG, Runcie J, Thomson TJ . Clinical trial of deglydyrrhizinized liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut 1969; 10: 299\u2013302.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.6.6.591","volume":"6","author":"AG Turpie","year":"1965","unstructured":"Turpie AG, Thomson TJ . Carbenoxolone sodium in the treatment of gastric ulcer with special reference to side-effects. Gut 1965; 6: 591\u2013594.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFtp201613_CR72","first-page":"103","volume":"65","author":"J Schenk","year":"1980","unstructured":"Schenk J, Schmack B, Rosch W, Domschke W . Controlled trial of carbenoxolone sodium vs cimetidine in duodenal ulcer. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1980; 65: 103\u2013107.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201613.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201613","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201613.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T08:45:40Z","timestamp":1672821940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp201613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BFtp201613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2016.13","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2015","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2015","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"PPS is an inventor on a related patent application. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}