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Reliable functional biomarkers would be necessary to predict the individual treatment outcome. On the basis of the neurotrophic hypothesis of antidepressant\u2019s action, effects of antidepressant drugs on proliferation may serve as tentative individual markers for treatment efficacy. We studied individual differences in antidepressant drug effects on cell proliferation and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from patients treated for depression with documented clinical treatment outcome. Cell proliferation was characterized by EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation assays following a 3-week incubation with therapeutic concentrations of fluoxetine. Genome-wide expression profiling was conducted by microarrays, and candidate genes such as betacellulin\u2014a gene involved in neuronal stem cell regeneration\u2014were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic> assessment of proliferation revealed large differences in fluoxetine-induced proliferation inhibition between donor LCLs, but no association with clinical response was observed. Genome-wide expression analyses followed by pathway and gene ontology analyses identified genes with different expression before vs after 21-day incubation with fluoxetine. Significant correlations between proliferation and gene expression of <jats:italic>WNT2B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FZD7<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TCF7L2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SULT4A1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ABCB1<\/jats:italic> (all involved in neurogenesis or brain protection) were also found. Basal gene expression of <jats:italic>SULT4A1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.029), and gene expression fold changes of <jats:italic>WNT2B<\/jats:italic> by <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> fluoxetine (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.025) correlated with clinical response and clinical remission, respectively. Thus, we identified potential gene expression biomarkers eventually being useful as baseline predictors or as longitudinal targets in antidepressant therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T13:45:35Z","timestamp":1479217535000},"page":"e950-e950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Proliferation rates and gene expression profiles in human lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with depression characterized in response to antidepressant drug therapy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Breitfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Steffens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Probst-Schendzielorz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Efimkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Gurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Ising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Holsboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Lucae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Stingl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp2016185_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","volume":"163","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, Nierenberg AA, STEWART JW et al. 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