{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:16:34Z","timestamp":1792199794631,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are severe eating disorders that share many behaviors. Structural and functional brain circuits could provide biological links that those disorders have in common. We recruited 77 young adult women, 26 healthy controls, 26 women with anorexia and 25 women with bulimia nervosa. Probabilistic tractography was used to map white matter connectivity strength across taste and food intake regulating brain circuits. An independent multisample greedy equivalence search algorithm tested effective connectivity between those regions during sucrose tasting. Anorexia and bulimia nervosa had greater structural connectivity in pathways between insula, orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, but lower connectivity from orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala to the hypothalamus (<jats:italic>P&lt;<\/jats:italic>0.05, corrected for comorbidity, medication and multiple comparisons). Functionally, in controls the hypothalamus drove ventral striatal activity, but in anorexia and bulimia nervosa effective connectivity was directed from anterior cingulate via ventral striatum to the hypothalamus. Across all groups, sweetness perception was predicted by connectivity strength in pathways connecting to the middle orbitofrontal cortex. This study provides evidence that white matter structural as well as effective connectivity within the energy-homeostasis and food reward-regulating circuitry is fundamentally different in anorexia and bulimia nervosa compared with that in controls. In eating disorders, anterior cingulate cognitive\u2013emotional top down control could affect food reward and eating drive, override hypothalamic inputs to the ventral striatum and enable prolonged food restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T14:43:48Z","timestamp":1478011428000},"page":"e932-e932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Altered structural and effective connectivity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa in circuits that regulate energy and reward homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"G K W","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"Shott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Riederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T L","family":"Pryor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09020247","volume":"166","author":"SJ Crow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crow SJ, Peterson CB, Swanson SA, Raymond NC, Specker S, Eckert ED et al. Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166: 1342\u20131346.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904083401407","volume":"340","author":"AE Becker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Becker AE, Grinspoon SK, Klibanski A, Herzog DB . Eating disorders. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1092\u20131098.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6663(91)90060-6","volume":"16","author":"KA Halmi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Halmi KA, Sunday SR . Temporal patterns of hunger and fullness ratings and related cognitions in anorexia and bulimia. Appetite 1991; 16: 219\u2013237.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.393","volume":"157","author":"M Strober","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strober M, Freeman R, Lampert C, Diamond J, Kaye W . Controlled family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: evidence of shared liability and transmission of partial syndromes. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 393\u2013401.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.001","volume":"15","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Baler RD . Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 15: 37\u201346.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.010","volume":"70","author":"N Gerard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerard N, Pieters G, Goffin K, Bormans G, Van Laere K . Brain type 1 cannabinoid receptor availability in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70: 777\u2013784.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.002","volume":"73","author":"WH Kaye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Wierenga CE, Bailer UF, Simmons AN, Wagner A, Bischoff-Grethe A . Does a shared neurobiology for foods and drugs of abuse contribute to extremes of food ingestion in anorexia and bulimia nervosa? Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73: 836\u2013842.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2012.08.004","volume":"24","author":"R Yoshida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoshida R, Niki M, Jyotaki M, Sanematsu K, Shigemura N, Ninomiya Y . Modulation of sweet responses of taste receptor cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24: 226\u2013231.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.04.041","volume":"104","author":"RL Corwin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corwin RL, Avena NM, Boggiano MM . Feeding and reward: perspectives from three rat models of binge eating. Physiol Behav 2011; 104: 87\u201397.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1853","volume":"9","author":"L Manuel-Apolinar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manuel-Apolinar L, Rocha L, Damasio L, Tesoro-Cruz E, Zarate A . Role of prenatal undernutrition in the expression of serotonin, dopamine and leptin receptors in adult mice: implications of food intake. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9: 407\u2013412.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12101294","volume":"170","author":"GK Frank","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frank GK, Shott ME, Hagman JO, Mittal VA . Alterations in brain structures related to taste reward circuitry in ill and recovered anorexia nervosa and in bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170: 1152\u20131160.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(81)90310-3","volume":"27","author":"B Rolls","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rolls B, Rolls E, Rowe E, Sweeney K . Sensory specific satiety in man. Physiol Behav 1981; 27: 137\u2013142.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.03.010","volume":"213","author":"F Amianto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amianto F, Caroppo P, D'Agata F, Spalatro A, Lavagnino L, Caglio M et al. Brain volumetric abnormalities in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa: a voxel-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res 2013; 213: 210\u2013216.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.05.075","volume":"521","author":"KR Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim KR, Ku J, Lee JH, Lee H, Jung YC . Functional and effective connectivity of anterior insula in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Neurosci Lett 2012; 521: 152\u2013157.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.11.004","volume":"221","author":"S Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee S, Ran Kim K, Ku J, Lee JH, Namkoong K, Jung YC . Resting-state synchrony between anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus relates to body shape concern in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221: 43\u201348.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022259","volume":"6","author":"SJ Brooks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brooks SJ, O'Daly OG, Uher R, Friederich HC, Giampietro V, Brammer M et al. Differential neural responses to food images in women with bulimia versus anorexia nervosa. PLoS One 2011; 6: e22259.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.51","volume":"37","author":"GK Frank","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frank GK, Reynolds JR, Shott ME, Jappe L, Yang TT, Tregellas JR et al. Anorexia nervosa and obesity are associated with opposite brain reward response. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37: 2031\u20132046.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.011","volume":"70","author":"GK Frank","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frank GK, Reynolds JR, Shott ME, O'Reilly RC . Altered temporal difference learning in bulimia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70: 728\u2013735.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.11111745","volume":"170","author":"TA Oberndorfer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oberndorfer TA, Frank GK, Simmons AN, Wagner A, McCurdy D, Fudge JL et al. Altered insula response to sweet taste processing after recovery from anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170: 1143\u20131151.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.12.006","volume":"192","author":"D Kazlouski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kazlouski D, Rollin MD, Tregellas J, Shott ME, Jappe LM, Hagman JO et al. Altered fimbria-fornix white matter integrity in anorexia nervosa predicts harm avoidance. Psychiatry Res 2011; 192: 109\u2013116.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22083","volume":"46","author":"LN Mettler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mettler LN, Shott ME, Pryor T, Yang TT, Frank GK . White matter integrity is reduced in bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46: 264\u2013273.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130135","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.130135","volume":"39","author":"E Via","year":"2014","unstructured":"Via E, Zalesky A, Sanchez I, Forcano L, Harrison BJ, Pujol J et al. Disruption of brain white matter microstructure in women with anorexia nervosa. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2014; 39: 130135.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR23","unstructured":"Diffusion Tractography (http:\/\/www.humanconnectome.org\/about\/project\/tractography.html. Accessed on 2015."},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.081","volume":"73","author":"DK Jones","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jones DK, Knosche TR, Turner R . White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: the do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2013; 73: 239\u2013254.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.068","volume":"58","author":"JD Ramsey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramsey JD, Hanson SJ, Glymour C . Multi-subject search correctly identifies causal connections and most causal directions in the DCM models of the Smith et al. simulation study. Neuroimage 2011; 58: 838\u2013848.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCIH.2010.034132","volume":"1","author":"C Perez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perez C, El-Sheikh E, Glymour C . Discovering effective connectivity among brain regions from functional MRI data. Int J Comput Healthcare 2010; 1: 86\u2013101.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Healthcare"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.04.002","volume":"4","author":"S Kullmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kullmann S, Giel KE, Teufel M, Thiel A, Zipfel S, Preissl H . Aberrant network integrity of the inferior frontal cortex in women with anorexia nervosa. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 4: 615\u2013622.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.12.002","volume":"241","author":"B Suchan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suchan B, Bauser DS, Busch M, Schulte D, Gronemeyer D, Herpertz S et al. Reduced connectivity between the left fusiform body area and the extrastriate body area in anorexia nervosa is associated with body image distortion. Behav Brain Res 2013; 241: 80\u201385.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cha J, Ide JS, Bowman FD, Simpson HB, Posner J, Steinglass JE . Abnormal reward circuitry in anorexia nervosa: a longitudinal, multimodal MRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; advance online publication, 8 June 2016; doi:10.1002\/hbm.23279 (e-pub ahead of print).","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23279"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.172","volume":"41","author":"ME Shott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shott ME, Pryor TL, Yang TT, Frank GK . Greater insula white matter fiber connectivity in women recovered from anorexia nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41: 498\u2013507.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00410","volume":"8","author":"CE Wierenga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wierenga CE, Ely A, Bischoff-Grethe A, Bailer UF, Simmons AN, Kaye WH . Are extremes of consumption in eating disorders related to an altered balance between reward and inhibition? Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8: 410.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03349245","volume":"30","author":"A Torsello","year":"2007","unstructured":"Torsello A, Brambilla F, Tamiazzo L, Bulgarelli I, Rapetti D, Bresciani E et al. Central dysregulations in the control of energy homeostasis and endocrine alterations in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. J Endocrinol Invest 2007; 30: 962\u2013976.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR33","volume-title":"Eating Disorder Inventory\u2122-3 (EDI\u2122-3)","author":"D Garner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garner D . Eating Disorder Inventory\u2122-3 (EDI\u2122-3). Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.: Lutz, FL, USA, 2004."},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR34","first-page":"pp 19","volume":"Vol. 2, Chapter","author":"C Cloninger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cloninger C, Przybeck T, Svrakic D, Wetzel R . The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. 1994; Vol. 2, Chapter 4: pp 19\u201328.","journal-title":"The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use."},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR35","volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trate Anxiety Inventory","author":"CD Spielberger","year":"1983","unstructured":"Spielberger CD . Manual for the State-Trate Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press Inc.: Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1983."},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13","volume":"67","author":"AT Beck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W . Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. J Pers Assess 1996; 67: 588\u2013597.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2003.11.008","volume":"37","author":"R O'Connor","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Connor R, Colder C, Hawk L . Confirmatory factor analysis of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Personal Indiv Differ 2004; 37: 985\u20131002.","journal-title":"Personal Indiv Differ"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00169-7","volume":"38","author":"JP O'Doherty","year":"2003","unstructured":"O'Doherty JP, Dayan P, Friston K, Critchley H, Dolan RJ . Temporal difference models and reward-related learning in the human brain. Neuron 2003; 38: 329\u2013337.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6409","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5664-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"SB Eickhoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eickhoff SB, Jbabdi S, Caspers S, Laird AR, Fox PT, Zilles K et al. Anatomical and functional connectivity of cytoarchitectonic areas within the human parietal operculum. J Neurosci 2010; 30: 6409\u20136421.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.155","volume":"35","author":"ET Rolls","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rolls ET . Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity. Int J Obes 2011; 35: 550\u2013561.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","volume":"15","author":"N Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, Delcroix N et al. Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage 2002; 15: 273\u2013289.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.065","volume":"49","author":"JD Ramsey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ramsey JD, Hanson SJ, Hanson C, Halchenko YO, Poldrack RA, Glymour C . Six problems for causal inference from fMRI. Neuroimage 2010; 49: 1545\u20131558.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y . Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Statist Soc B 1995; 57: 289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Statist Soc B"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2008.08.005","volume":"37","author":"RS Ahima","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ahima RS, Antwi DA . Brain regulation of appetite and satiety. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2008; 37: 811\u2013823.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.08.062","volume":"86","author":"PC Holland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holland PC, Petrovich GD . A neural systems analysis of the potentiation of feeding by conditioned stimuli. Physiol Behav 2005; 86: 747\u2013761.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR46","volume-title":"Improving America's Diet and Health: From Recommendations to Action","author":"P Thomas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Dietary Guidelines Implementation. Determinants of food choice and prospects for modifying food attitudes and behavior. In: Thomas P (ed). Improving America's Diet and Health: From Recommendations to Action. National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1991."},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.001","volume":"139","author":"DA Yarmolinsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yarmolinsky DA, Zuker CS, Ryba NJ . Common sense about taste: from mammals to insects. Cell 2009; 139: 234\u2013244.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.04.007","volume":"152","author":"AS Guarda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guarda AS, Schreyer CC, Boersma GJ, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH . Anorexia nervosa as a motivated behavior: relevance of anxiety, stress, fear and learning. Physiol Behav 2015; 152: 466\u2013472.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00090","volume":"9","author":"DC Castro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castro DC, Cole SL, Berridge KC . Lateral hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and ventral pallidum roles in eating and hunger: interactions between homeostatic and reward circuitry. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9: 90.","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-013-0681-9","volume":"220","author":"Z Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Z, Xia M, Dai Z, Liang X, Song H, He Y et al. Differentially disrupted functional connectivity of the subregions of the inferior parietal lobule in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 220: 745\u2013762.","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.03.010","volume":"34","author":"ET Rolls","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rolls ET . The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and temperature in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34: 237\u2013245.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.150","volume":"40","author":"S Ray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ray S, Haney M, Hanson C, Biswal B, Hanson SJ . Modeling causal relationship between brain regions within the drug-cue processing network in chronic cocaine smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40: 2960\u20132968.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003265","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003265","volume":"9","author":"Q Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo Q, Ge T, Grabenhorst F, Feng J, Rolls ET . Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9: e1003265.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11040","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-24-11040.1999","volume":"19","author":"TR Stratford","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stratford TR, Kelley AE . Evidence of a functional relationship between the nucleus accumbens shell and lateral hypothalamus subserving the control of feeding behavior. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 11040\u201311048.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.004","volume":"15","author":"A Etkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Etkin A, Egner T, Kalisch R . Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends Cogn Sci 2011; 15: 85\u201393.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075065","volume":"8","author":"Y Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao Y, Choe AS, Stepniewska I, Li X, Avison MJ, Anderson AW . Validation of DTI tractography-based measures of primary motor area connectivity in the squirrel monkey brain. PLoS One 2013; 8: e75065.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3471","volume":"34","author":"JI Berman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berman JI, Lanza MR, Blaskey L, Edgar JC, Roberts TP . High angular resolution diffusion imaging probabilistic tractography of the auditory radiation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34: 1573\u20131578.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.002","volume":"43","author":"RG Schlosser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schlosser RG, Wagner G, Koch K, Dahnke R, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H . Fronto-cingulate effective connectivity in major depression: a study with fMRI and dynamic causal modeling. Neuroimage 2008; 43: 645\u2013655.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0312","volume":"5","author":"DR Musgrove","year":"2015","unstructured":"Musgrove DR, Eberly LE, Klimes-Dougan B, Basgoze Z, Thomas KM, Mueller BA et al. Impaired bottom-up effective connectivity between amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in unmedicated adolescents with major depression: results from a dynamic causal modeling analysis. Brain Connect 2015; 5: 608\u2013619.","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht279","volume":"25","author":"R Sladky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sladky R, Hoflich A, Kublbock M, Kraus C, Baldinger P, Moser E et al. Disrupted effective connectivity between the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder during emotion discrimination revealed by dynamic causal modeling for FMRI. Cereb Cortex 2015; 25: 895\u2013903.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.057","volume":"135","author":"AW Yeung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yeung AW, Tanabe HC, Suen JL, Goto TK . Taste intensity modulates effective connectivity from the insular cortex to the thalamus in humans. Neuroimage 2016; 135: 214\u2013222.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFtp2016199_CR62","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Handbook of Psychiatric Measures. 4th edn, American Psychiatric Association: Washington DC, USA, 2000."}],"container-title":["Translational Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2016199.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2016199","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2016199.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T08:44:58Z","timestamp":1718873098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/tp2016199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BFtp2016199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2016.199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2158-3188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2016","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2016","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}