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Obese individuals are prone to a chronic low-grade inflammation as the metabolically active visceral fat produces proinflammatory cytokines. Animal studies indicate that these cytokines can cross the blood\u2013brain barrier. Such crossover could potentially affect the immune system in the brain by inducing gene expression of proinflammatory genes. The relationship between obesity and neuroinflammation in the human brain is currently unknown. Therefore we aim to examine the relationship between BMI and gene expression of central inflammatory markers in the human frontal cortex. Microarray data of 141 neurologically and psychiatrically healthy individuals were obtained through the BrainCloud database. A simple linear regression analysis was performed with BMI as variable on data on <jats:italic>IL10, IL1\u03b2, IL6, PTGS2<\/jats:italic> (COX2) and <jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic> (iNOS). Increasing BMI is associated with a decrease in the mRNA expression of <jats:italic>IL10<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.014) and an increase in the expression of <jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic> (iNOS<jats:italic>; P<\/jats:italic>=0.040). Expressions of <jats:italic>IL10<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic> (iNOS) were negatively correlated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). The expression of <jats:italic>IL10<\/jats:italic> was mostly affected by individuals with BMI \u2a7e40. Multiple linear regression analyses with BMI, age, sex and race as variables were performed in order to identify potential confounders. In conclusion, increasing BMI could affect the IL10-mediated anti-inflammatory defense in the brain and induce iNOS-mediated inflammatory activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T14:44:11Z","timestamp":1488293051000},"page":"e1044-e1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["High BMI levels associate with reduced mRNA expression of IL10 and increased mRNA expression of iNOS (NOS2) in human frontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"J K","family":"Lauridsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R H","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Vendelbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T M","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B M","family":"Bibby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Rungby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp2016259_CR1","unstructured":"WHO 2015 Obesity and overweight. 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