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This study examines the association between depressive symptoms, F2-isoprostanes and carotenoids in a US community sample. The study includes 3009 participants (mean age 40.3, 54.2% female) from CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data from the year 15 examination (2000\u20132001) including subjects whose depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and had measurements of plasma F2-isoprostanes (gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry) or serum carotenoids (high-performance liquid chromatography). Carotenoids zeaxanthin\/lutein, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, \u03b1-carotene, \u03b2-carotene were standardized and summed. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using the data from other examinations at 5-year intervals. Cross-lagged analyses investigated whether CES-D predicted F2-isoprostanes or carotenoids at the following exam, and vice versa. Regression analyses were controlled for sociodemographics, health and lifestyle factors. F2-isoprostanes were higher in subjects with depressive symptoms (CES-D\u2a7e16) after adjustment for sociodemographics (55.7 vs 52.0 pg\u2009ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=0.14,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). There was no difference in F2-isoprostanes after further adjustment for health and lifestyle factors. Carotenoids were lower in those with CES-D scores \u2a7e16, even after adjustment for health and lifestyle factors (standardized sum 238.7 vs 244.0, Cohen\u2019s<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=\u22120.16,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Longitudinal analyses confirmed that depression predicts subsequent F2-isoprostane and carotenoid levels. Neither F2-isoprostanes nor carotenoids predicted subsequent depression. In conclusion, depressive symptoms were cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with increased F2-isoprostanes and decreased carotenoids. The association with F2-isoprostanes can largely be explained by lifestyle factors, but lower carotenoids were independently associated with depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T15:11:33Z","timestamp":1456240293000},"page":"e743-e743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Oxidative stress, anti-oxidants and the cross-sectional and longitudinal association with depressive symptoms: results from the CARDIA study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"C N","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B W J H","family":"Penninx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A O","family":"Odegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M D","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K A","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"D R","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFtp20165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","volume":"380","author":"T Vos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M et al. 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