{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:03:46Z","timestamp":1781013826822,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5293","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1971,4,1]],"date-time":"1971-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":39312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/230362a0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]],"date-time":"2005-08-03T21:01:52Z","timestamp":1123102912000},"page":"362-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":499,"title":["Estimation of Secondary Structure in Ribonucleic Acids"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"230","author":[{"suffix":"jun.","given":"IGNACIO","family":"TINOCO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OLKE C.","family":"UHLENBECK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARK D.","family":"LEVINE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF230362a0_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.196907111","volume":"8","author":"H Zachau","year":"1969","unstructured":"Zachau, H., Angew. Chem. Intern. Edit., 8, 711 (1969).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Intern. Edit."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.67.2.921","volume":"67","author":"HM Goodman","year":"1970","unstructured":"Goodman, H. M., Billeter, M. A., Hindley, J., and Weissmann, C., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 67, 921 (1970).","journal-title":"Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/2231009a0","volume":"223","author":"JM Adams","year":"1969","unstructured":"Adams, J. M., Jeppeson, P. G. N., Sanger, F., and Barrell, B. G., Nature, 223, 1009 (1969).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/224957a0","volume":"224","author":"JA Steitz","year":"1969","unstructured":"Steitz, J. A., Nature, 224, 957 (1969).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/224964a0","volume":"224","author":"JL Hindley","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hindley, J. L., and Staples, D. H., Nature, 224, 964 (1969).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/2241083a0","volume":"224","author":"MA Billeter","year":"1969","unstructured":"Billeter, M. A., Dahlberg, J. E., Goodman, H. M., Hindley, J., and Weissmann, C., Nature, 224, 1083 (1969).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/225147a0","volume":"225","author":"JL Nichols","year":"1970","unstructured":"Nichols, J. L., Nature, 225, 147 (1970).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR8","unstructured":"Symp. No. 5, Nucleic Acid Structure, Eighth Intern. Cong. Biochem., 163 (1970)."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/215735a0","volume":"215","author":"GG Brownlee","year":"1967","unstructured":"Brownlee, G. G., Sanger, F., and Barrell, B. G., Nature, 215, 735 (1967).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1126\/science.158.3809.1695","volume":"158","author":"BG Forget","year":"1967","unstructured":"Forget, B. G., and Weissman, S. M., Science, 158, 1695 (1967).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/225026a0","volume":"225","author":"P Fellner","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fellner, P., Ehresmann, C., and Ebel, J. P., Nature, 225, 26 (1970).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/188098a0","volume":"188","author":"JR Fresco","year":"1960","unstructured":"Fresco, J. R., Alberts, B. M., and Doty, P., Nature, 188, 98 (1960).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1963.028.01.017","volume":"28","author":"JR Fresco","year":"1963","unstructured":"Fresco, J. R., Klotz, L. C., and Richards, E. G., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 28, 83 (1963).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/216864a0","volume":"216","author":"RI Cotter","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cotter, R. I., McPhie, P., and Gratzer, W. B., Nature, 216, 865 (1967).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.59.2.478","volume":"59","author":"CR Cantor","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cantor, C. R., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 59, 478 (1968).","journal-title":"Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1969.360070305","volume":"7","author":"GJ Thomas jun.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Thomas, jun., G. J., Biopolymers, 7, 325 (1969).","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/225508a0","volume":"225","author":"OC Uhlenbeck","year":"1970","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, O. C., Baller, J., and Doty, P., Nature, 225, 508 (1970).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00813a023","volume":"9","author":"SW Brostaff","year":"1970","unstructured":"Brostaff, S. W., and Ingram, V. M., Biochemistry, 9, 2372 (1970).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.61.4.1384","volume":"61","author":"F Cramer","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cramer, F., Doepner, H., van de Haar, F., Schlimme, E., and Seidel, H., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 61, 1348 (1968).","journal-title":"Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99473-1","volume":"242","author":"J Ofengand","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ofengand, J., J. Biol. Chem., 242, 5034 (1967).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/224759a0","volume":"224","author":"M Levitt","year":"1969","unstructured":"Levitt, M., Nature, 224, 759 (1969).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(67)90283-5","volume":"29","author":"H Boedtker","year":"1967","unstructured":"Boedtker, H., and Kelling, D. G., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 29, 758 (1967).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(68)90509-3","volume":"31","author":"ID Raake","year":"1968","unstructured":"Raake, I. D., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 31, 528 (1968).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.37.070168.001023","volume":"37","author":"JT Madison","year":"1968","unstructured":"Madison, J. T., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 37, 131 (1968).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/216513a0","volume":"216","author":"CR Cantor","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cantor, C. R., Nature, 216, 513 (1967).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/225510a0","volume":"225","author":"J Lewis","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lewis, J., and Doty, P., Nature, 225, 510 (1970).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(70)90225-1","volume":"48","author":"IE Scheffler","year":"1970","unstructured":"Scheffler, I. E., Elson, E. L., and Baldwin, R. L., J. Mol. Biol., 48, 145 (1970).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(68)90114-9","volume":"37","author":"NR Kallenbach","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kallenbach, N. R., J. Mol. Biol., 37, 445 (1968).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR29","unstructured":"Martin, F. H., Uhlenbeck, O. C., and Doty, P., J. Mol. Biol. (in the press)."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR30","unstructured":"Uhlenbeck, O. C., Martin, F. H., and Doty, P., J. Mol. Biol. (in the press)."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(64)80086-3","volume":"9","author":"DM Crothers","year":"1964","unstructured":"Crothers, D. M., and Zimm, B. H., J. Mol. Biol., 9, 1 (1964).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64568-5","volume":"235","author":"RF Steiner","year":"1960","unstructured":"Steiner, R. F., J. Biol. Chem., 235, 2946 (1960).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64318-2","volume":"236","author":"RF Steiner","year":"1961","unstructured":"Steiner, R. F., J. Biol. Chem., 236, 842 (1961).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01085a007","volume":"87","author":"J Applequist","year":"1965","unstructured":"Applequist, J., and Damle, V., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 1450 (1965).","journal-title":"J. Amer. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1968.360060406","volume":"6","author":"H Krakauer","year":"1968","unstructured":"Krakauer, H., and Sturtevant, J. M., Biopolymers, 6, 491 (1968).","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.360030301","volume":"3","author":"LG Bunville","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bunville, L. G., Geiduschek, E. P., Rawitscher, M. A., and Sturtevant, J. M., Biopolymers, 3, 213 (1965).","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR37","first-page":"188","volume-title":"Theory of Helix-Coil Transitions in Biopolymers","author":"D Poland","year":"1970","unstructured":"Poland, D., and Scheraga, H. A., Theory of Helix-Coil Transitions in Biopolymers, 188 (Academic Press, New York, 1970)."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1747547","volume":"18","author":"H Jacobson","year":"1950","unstructured":"Jacobson, H., and Stockmayer, W. H., J. Chem. Phys., 18, 1600 (1950).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1727787","volume":"45","author":"ME Fisher","year":"1966","unstructured":"Fisher, M. E., J. Chem. Phys., 45, 1469 (1966).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR40","first-page":"391","volume":"6","author":"D Crothers","year":"1968","unstructured":"Crothers, D., Biopolymers, 6, 391 (1968).","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.46.3.311","volume":"46","author":"JR Fresco","year":"1960","unstructured":"Fresco, J. R., and Alberts, B. M., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 46, 311 (1960).","journal-title":"Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.52.6.1476","volume":"52","author":"EKF Bautz","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bautz, E. K. F., and Bautz, F. A., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci., 52, 1476 (1964).","journal-title":"Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.40.2272","volume":"40","author":"T Ichikawa","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ichikawa, T., Fujita, H., Matsuo, K., and Tsuboi, M., Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 40, 2272 (1967).","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan"},{"key":"BF230362a0_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(69)80283-8","volume":"5","author":"W Wintermeyer","year":"1969","unstructured":"Wintermeyer, W., Thiebe, R., Zachan, H. G., Riesner, D., Romer, R., and Maass, G., FEBS Lett., 5, 23 (1969).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/230362a0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/230362a0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/230362a0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T22:52:38Z","timestamp":1638399158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/230362a0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5293","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BF230362a0"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/230362a0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]}}}