{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:24:41Z","timestamp":1772792681033,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7122","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,12]],"date-time":"2006-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature06051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]],"date-time":"2007-07-03T09:32:36Z","timestamp":1183455156000},"page":"1073-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Early events in the thymus affect the balance of effector and regulatory T cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"444","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Pennington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Silva-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Silberzahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Esc\u00f3rcio-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. Julian","family":"Dyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian C.","family":"Hayday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnature06051_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079490","volume":"299","author":"S Hori","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hori, S., Nomura, T. & Sakaguchi, S. Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science 299, 1057\u20131061 (2003)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/ni904","volume":"4","author":"JD Fontenot","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fontenot, J. D., Gavin, M. A. & Rudensky, A. Y. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nature Immunol. 4, 330\u2013336 (2003)","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/ni909","volume":"4","author":"R Khattri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Khattri, R., Cox, T., Yasayko, S. A. & Ramsdell, F. An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Nature Immunol. 4, 337\u2013342 (2003)","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/86302","volume":"2","author":"MS Jordan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jordan, M. S. et al. Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide. Nature Immunol. 2, 301\u2013306 (2001)","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/ni816","volume":"3","author":"I Apostolou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Apostolou, I., Sarukhan, A., Klein, L. & von Boehmer, H. Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen. Nature Immunol. 3, 756\u2013763 (2002)","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.01.016","volume":"22","author":"JD Fontenot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fontenot, J. D. et al. Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3. Immunity 22, 329\u2013341 (2005)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103978","volume":"307","author":"B Silva-Santos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Silva-Santos, B., Pennington, D. J. & Hayday, A. C. Lymphotoxin-mediated regulation of \u03b3\u03b4 cell differentiation by \u03b1\u03b2 T cell progenitors. Science 307, 925\u2013928 (2005)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/344068a0","volume":"344","author":"WL Havran","year":"1990","unstructured":"Havran, W. L. & Allison, J. P. Origin of Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells of adult mice from fetal thymic precursors. Nature 344, 68\u201370 (1990)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20012000","volume":"195","author":"M Girardi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Girardi, M. et al. Resident skin-specific \u03b3\u03b4 T cells provide local, nonredundant regulation of cutaneous inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 195, 855\u2013867 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR10","unstructured":"Wise, E., Lewis, J., LeClercq, G., Tigelaar, R. E. & Hayday, A. C. Molecular analysis of skin-resident T cells clarifies functional potential, heterogeneity, strain variation and major differences to gut intraepithelial T cells. J. Immunol. (submitted)."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.3.1212","volume":"160","author":"E Suri-Payer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Suri-Payer, E., Amar, A. Z., Thornton, A. M. & Shevach, E. M. CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells. J. Immunol. 160, 1212\u20131218 (1998)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.3.1151","volume":"155","author":"S Sakaguchi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sakaguchi, S., Sakaguchi, N., Asano, M., Itoh, M. & Toda, M. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor \u03b1-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J. Immunol. 155, 1151\u20131164 (1995)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271130","volume":"27","author":"F Livak","year":"1997","unstructured":"Livak, F., Wilson, A., MacDonald, H. R. & Schatz, D. G. \u03b1\u03b2 lineage-committed thymocytes can be rescued by the \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptor (TCR) in the absence of TCR\u03b2 chain. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 2948\u20132958 (1997)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80512-9","volume":"7","author":"L Passoni","year":"1997","unstructured":"Passoni, L. et al. Intrathymic \u03b4 selection events in \u03b3\u03b4 cell development. Immunity 7, 83\u201395 (1997)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.9.1541","volume":"185","author":"J Buer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buer, J., Aifantis, I., DiSanto, J. P., Fehling, H. J. & von Boehmer, H. Role of different T cell receptors in the development of pre-T cells. J. Exp. Med. 185, 1541\u20131547 (1997)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/375795a0","volume":"375","author":"HJ Fehling","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fehling, H. J., Krotkova, A., Saint-Ruf, C. & von Boehmer, H. Crucial role of the pre-T-cell receptor \u03b1 gene in development of \u03b1\u03b2 but not \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. Nature 375, 795\u2013798 (1995)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.5.695","volume":"194","author":"D Gibbons","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gibbons, D. et al. The biological activity of natural and mutant pT\u03b1 alleles. J. Exp. Med. 194, 695\u2013703 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1604","volume":"173","author":"SE Prockop","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prockop, S. E. & Petrie, H. T. Regulation of thymus size by competition for stromal niches among early T cell progenitors. J. Immunol. 173, 1604\u20131611 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1263","volume":"6","author":"JD Fontenot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fontenot, J. D., Rasmussen, J. P., Gavin, M. A. & Rudensky, A. Y. A function for interleukin 2 in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells. Nature Immunol. 6, 1142\u20131151 (2005)","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.1069","volume":"168","author":"D Zelenika","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zelenika, D. et al. Regulatory T cells overexpress a subset of Th2 gene transcripts. J. Immunol. 168, 1069\u20131079 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.295","volume":"192","author":"S Read","year":"2000","unstructured":"Read, S., Malmstrom, V. & Powrie, F. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25+CD4+ regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 192, 295\u2013302 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.303","volume":"192","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takahashi, T. et al. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells constitutively expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. J. Exp. Med. 192, 303\u2013310 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6627","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6627","volume":"174","author":"JD Carter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carter, J. D., Calabrese, G. M., Naganuma, M. & Lorenz, U. Deficiency of the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) causes enrichment of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Immunol. 174, 6627\u20136638 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041022","volume":"200","author":"HM van Santen","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Santen, H. M., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Number of T reg cells that differentiate does not increase upon encounter of agonist ligand on thymic epithelial cells. J. Exp. Med. 200, 1221\u20131230 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.236","volume":"173","author":"MA Lerman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lerman, M. A., Larkin, J., Cozzo, C., Jordan, M. S. & Caton, A. J. CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell repertoire formation in response to varying expression of a neo-self-antigen. J. Immunol. 173, 236\u2013244 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1037","volume":"5","author":"VR Aluvihare","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aluvihare, V. R., Kallikourdis, M. & Betz, A. G. Regulatory T cells mediate maternal tolerance to the fetus. Nature Immunol. 5, 266\u2013271 (2004)","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80588-9","volume":"9","author":"A Futterer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Futterer, A., Mink, K., Luz, A., Kosco-Vilbois, M. H. & Pfeffer, K. The lymphotoxin \u03b2 receptor controls organogenesis and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Immunity 9, 59\u201370 (1998)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1604321","volume":"256","author":"KL Philpott","year":"1992","unstructured":"Philpott, K. L. et al. Lymphoid development in mice congenitally lacking T cell receptor \u03b1\u03b2-expressing cells. Science 256, 1448\u20131452 (1992)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/360225a0","volume":"360","author":"P Mombaerts","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mombaerts, P. et al. Mutations in T-cell antigen receptor genes \u03b1 and \u03b2 block thymocyte development at different stages. Nature 360, 225\u2013231 (1992)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature06051_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5014","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5014","volume":"177","author":"N Bosco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bosco, N., Agenes, F., Rolink, A. G. & Ceredig, R. Peripheral T cell lymphopenia and concomitant enrichment in naturally arising regulatory T cells: The case of the pre-T\u03b1 gene-deleted mouse. J. Immunol. 177, 5014\u20135023 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature06051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature06051","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature06051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T18:04:11Z","timestamp":1708020251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature06051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7122","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature06051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06051","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,12]]}}}