{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:38:50Z","timestamp":1777606730543,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7303","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature09250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T14:54:30Z","timestamp":1278428070000},"page":"213-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1196,"title":["The size of the proton"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"466","author":[{"given":"Randolf","family":"Pohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Antognini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando D.","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Biraben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. R.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Covita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Dax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis M. P.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adolf","family":"Giesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theodor W.","family":"H\u00e4nsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Indelicato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucile","family":"Julien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cheng-Yang","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric-Olivier","family":"Le Bigot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yi-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Ludhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina M. B.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Mulhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Nebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Rabinowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joaquim M. F.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lukas A.","family":"Schaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Schuhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Schwob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Taqqu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o F. C. A.","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Kottmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnature09250_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2003.09.092","volume":"576","author":"I Sick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sick, I. On the rms-radius of the proton. Phys. Lett. B 576, 62\u201367 (2003)","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"057601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.72.057601","volume":"72","author":"PG Blunden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blunden, P. G. & Sick, I. Proton radii and two-photon exchange. Phys. Rev. C 72, 057601 (2005)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.80.633","volume":"80","author":"PJ Mohr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mohr, P. J., Taylor, B. N. & Newell, D. B. CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006. Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 633\u2013730 (2008)","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5496","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.5496","volume":"84","author":"M Niering","year":"2000","unstructured":"Niering, M. et al. Measurement of the hydrogen 1S - 2S transition frequency by phase coherent comparison with a microwave cesium fountain clock. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5496\u20135499 (2000)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230802","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.92.230802","volume":"92","author":"M Fischer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fischer, M. et al. New limits on the drift of fundamental constants from laboratory measurements. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230802 (2004)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s100530070043","volume":"12","author":"B de Beauvoir","year":"2000","unstructured":"de Beauvoir, B. et al. Metrology of the hydrogen and deuterium atoms: determination of the Rydberg constant and Lamb shifts. Eur. Phys. J. D 12, 61\u201393 (2000)","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. D"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4960","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.82.4960","volume":"82","author":"C Schwob","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schwob, C. et al. Optical frequency measurement of the 2S \u2013 12D transitions in hydrogen and deuterium: Rydberg constant and Lamb shift determinations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4960\u20134963 (1999)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0370-1573(00)00077-6","volume":"342","author":"MI Eides","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eides, M. I., Grotch, H. & Shelyuto, V. A. Theory of light hydrogenlike atoms. Phys. Rep. 342, 63\u2013261 (2001)","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2005.08.008","volume":"422","author":"SG Karshenboim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karshenboim, S. G. Precision physics of simple atoms: QED tests, nuclear structure and fundamental constants. Phys. Rep. 422, 1\u201363 (2005)","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.72.241","volume":"72","author":"WE Lamb","year":"1947","unstructured":"Lamb, W. E. & Retherford, R. C. Fine structure of the hydrogen atom by a microwave method. Phys. Rev. 72, 241\u2013243 (1947)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.53.2092","volume":"53","author":"K Pachucki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pachucki, K. Theory of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen. Phys. Rev. A 53, 2092\u20132100 (1996)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3593","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.60.3593","volume":"60","author":"K Pachucki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pachucki, K. Proton structure effects in muonic hydrogen. Phys. Rev. A 60, 3593\u20133598 (1999)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"032508","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.71.032508","volume":"71","author":"E Borie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borie, E. Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen. Phys. Rev. A 71, 032508 (2005)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"022506","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.71.022506","volume":"71","author":"AP Martynenko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martynenko, A. P. 2S Hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen. Phys. Rev. A 71, 022506 (2005)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063778808010146","volume":"71","author":"AP Martynenko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martynenko, A. P. Fine and hyperfine structure of P-wave levels in muonic hydrogen. Phys. At. Nucl. 71, 125\u2013135 (2008)","journal-title":"Phys. At. Nucl."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113005","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.113005","volume":"91","author":"K Pachucki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pachucki, K. & Jentschura, U. D. Two-loop Bethe-logarithm correction in hydrogenlike atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 113005 (2003)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2130175","volume":"796","author":"A Antognini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Antognini, A. et al. The 2S Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen and the proton rms charge radius. AIP Conf. Proc. 796, 253\u2013259 (2005)","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1140\/epjd\/e2002-00207-y","volume":"21","author":"TS Jensen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jensen, T. S. & Markushin, V. E. Collisional deexcitation of exotic hydrogen atoms in highly excited states. Eur. Phys. J. D 21, 261\u2013270 (2002)","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. D"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10751-009-0054-1","volume":"193","author":"R Pohl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pohl, R. 2S state and Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen. Hyp. Interact. 193, 115\u2013120 (2009)","journal-title":"Hyp. Interact."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193402","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.97.193402","volume":"97","author":"R Pohl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pohl, R. et al. Observation of long-lived muonic hydrogen in the 2S state. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 193402 (2006)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1139\/p05-016","volume":"83","author":"R Pohl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pohl, R. et al. The muonic hydrogen Lamb-shift experiment. Can. J. Phys. 83, 339\u2013349 (2005)","journal-title":"Can. J. Phys."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.2009.2014881","volume":"45","author":"A Antognini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Antognini, A. et al. Thin-disk Yb:YAG oscillator-amplifier laser, ASE, and effective Yb:YAG lifetime. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45, 993\u20131005 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01081875","volume":"58","author":"A Giesen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Giesen, A. et al. Scalable concept for diode-pumped high-power solid-state lasers. Appl. Phys. B 58, 365\u2013372 (1994)","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. B"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2005.04.079","volume":"253","author":"A Antognini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Antognini, A. et al. Powerful fast triggerable 6 \u00b5m laser for the muonic hydrogen 2S-Lamb shift experiment. Opt. Commun. 253, 362\u2013374 (2005)","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1139\/p07-018","volume":"85","author":"T Nebel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nebel, T. et al. Status of the muonic hydrogen Lamb-shift experiment. Can. J. Phys. 85, 469\u2013478 (2007)","journal-title":"Can. J. Phys."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1986.1073036","volume":"22","author":"P Rabinowitz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rabinowitz, P., Perry, B. & Levinos, N. A continuously tunable sequential Stokes Raman laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22, 797\u2013802 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2004.11.017","volume":"540","author":"L Ludhova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ludhova, L. et al. Planar LAAPDs: temperature dependence, performance, and application in low-energy x-ray spectroscopy. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 540, 169\u2013179 (2005)","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods A"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1006\/jmsp.1998.7611","volume":"190","author":"RA Toth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Toth, R. A. Water vapor measurements between 590 and 2582 cm\u22121: Line positions and strengths. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 190, 379\u2013396 (1998)","journal-title":"J. Mol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2009.02.013","volume":"110","author":"LS Rothman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rothman, L. S. et al. The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 110, 533\u2013572 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042506","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.70.042506","volume":"70","author":"S Kilic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kilic, S., Karr, J.-P. & Hilico, L. Coulombic and radiative decay rates of the resonances of the exotic molecular ions pp\u00b5, pp\u03c0, dd\u00b5, dd\u03c0, and dt\u00b5. Phys. Rev. A 70, 042506 (2004)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.46.232","volume":"46","author":"SR Lundeen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lundeen, S. R. & Pipkin, F. M. Measurement of the Lamb shift in hydrogen, n = 2. Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 232\u2013235 (1981)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035202","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.75.035202","volume":"75","author":"MA Belushkin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Belushkin, M. A., Hammer, H.-W. & Meissner, U.-G. Dispersion analysis of the nucleon form factors including meson continua. Phys. Rev. C 75, 035202 (2007)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"BFnature09250_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120801","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.120801","volume":"100","author":"D Hanneke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hanneke, D., Fogwell, S. & Gabrielse, G. New measurement of the electron magnetic moment and the fine structure constant. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120801 (2008)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature09250.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature09250","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature09250.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T18:35:32Z","timestamp":1684434932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature09250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7303","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature09250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature09250","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}