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Numerical models predict that increased organic carbon burial should drive a rise in atmospheric oxygen (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) leading to termination of an OAE after \u223c1\u2009Myr. Wildfire is highly responsive to changes in <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> implying that fire-activity should vary across OAEs. Here we test this hypothesis by tracing variations in the abundance of fossil charcoal across the T-OAE. We report a sustained \u223c800\u2009kyr enhancement of fire-activity beginning \u223c1\u2009Myr after the onset of the T-OAE and peaking during its termination. This major enhancement of fire occurred across the timescale of predicted <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variations, and we argue this was primarily driven by increased <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Our study provides the first fossil-based evidence suggesting that fire-feedbacks to rising <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may have aided in terminating the T-OAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T10:46:52Z","timestamp":1494586012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Charcoal evidence that rising atmospheric oxygen terminated Early Jurassic ocean anoxia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Hesselbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Lenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds V.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Belcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms15018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189930","volume":"328","author":"O Hoegh-Guldberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoegh-Guldberg, O. & Bruno, J. 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