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Here, using a human breast cell line with conditional Src induction, we demonstrate that cells undergo a stiffening state prior to acquiring malignant features. This state is characterized by the transient accumulation of stress fibres and upregulation of Ena\/VASP-like (EVL). EVL, in turn, organizes stress fibres leading to transient cell stiffening, ERK-dependent cell proliferation, as well as enhancement of Src activation and progression towards a fully transformed state. Accordingly, EVL accumulates predominantly in premalignant breast lesions and is required for Src-induced epithelial overgrowth in <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>. While cell softening allows for cancer cell invasion, our work reveals that stress fibre-mediated cell stiffening could drive tumour growth during premalignant stages. A careful consideration of the mechanical properties of tumour cells could therefore offer new avenues of exploration when designing cancer-targeting therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T09:41:57Z","timestamp":1494927717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Actin stress fiber organization promotes cell stiffening and proliferation of pre-invasive breast cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Filipe","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna Verena","family":"Taubenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno Pimpao","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Br\u00e1s-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Pol\u00f3nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Herbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 B.","family":"Pereira-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Guck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Janody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms15237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp530","volume":"21","author":"C La Vecchia","year":"2010","unstructured":"La Vecchia, C. et al. 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