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In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on adipocyte biology. 3T3\u2013L1 cells were used to evaluate proliferation by sulforhodamine B (SRB) staining and methyl<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>H\u2010thymidine incorporation after 48 or 72 h of treatment with THC (1\u2013500 nmol\/l). Cells were differentiated in the presence or absence of the cannabinoid, and adipogenesis was determined by measuring lipid accumulation and peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) transcription through reverse transcriptase\u2010PCR (RT\u2010PCR). Lipolysis was quantified under basal conditions or after isoproterenol (IP, 100 nmol\/l) or insulin (INS, 100 nmol\/l) treatment. Transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2), diacylglycerol lipase \u03b1, and<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acylphosphatidylethanolamine\u2010specific phospholipase D (NAPE\u2010PLD) transcriptions were determined by RT\u2010PCR in preadipocytes and adipocytes and adiponectin only in adipocytes. THC treatment increased culture protein content and reduced methyl<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>H\u2010thymidine incorporation. Cells treated with THC underwent adipogenesis shown by the expression of PPAR\u03b3 and had increased lipid accumulation. Basal and IP\u2010stimulated lipolyses were inhibited by THC and there was no effect on lipolysis of INS\u2010treated adipocytes. The effects on methyl<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>H\u2010thymidine incorporation and lipolysis seem to be mediated through CB1\u2010 and CB2\u2010dependent pathways. THC decreased NAPE\u2010PLD in preadipocytes and increased adiponectin and TGF\u03b2 transcription in adipocytes. These results show that the ECS interferes with adipocyte biology and may contribute to adipose tissue (AT) remodeling. Although these observations point toward increased AT deposition, the stimulation of adiponectin production and inhibition of lipolysis may be in favor of improved INS sensitivity under cannabinoid influence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,13]],"date-time":"2010-05-13T16:44:30Z","timestamp":1273769070000},"page":"2077-2085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Modulation of Adipocyte Biology by 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