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From these, 25 PPD and 32 fMDD studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both shared and distinct neural underpinnings of PPD and fMDD were observed. Specifically, we found alterations in the cognitive control, salience and default mode networks for both PPD and fMDD, although with reversed structural and functional activity patterns in the insula, amygdala, precentral gyrus and precuneus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the consistent pattern of dysregulation associated with emotional regulation, cognition and maternal caregiving in women with PPD, as well as possible differential sensitivity to hormonal influences, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03227-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T21:35:38Z","timestamp":1757367338000},"page":"5979-6006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neural correlates of peripartum depression: a systematic review, meta-analysis and comparison to major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6003-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Sobral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Guiomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manya","family":"Rezaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Vasileiadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1407-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roser","family":"Palau-Costafreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Pozo-Neira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Weidenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-4413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Tik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-6166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ganho-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0959-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Lisa","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3227_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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