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Patients have altered sleep\/wake cycles, body temperature, and endocrine profiles, but the underlying causes are unknown. Here, we show that the robust circadian rhythms of mice become phase advanced upon infection, with abnormal activity occurring during the rest phase. This advanced phase is caused by shortening of the circadian period both at the behavioral level as well as at the tissue and cell level. Period shortening is <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic> specific and independent of the host immune response, as co-culturing parasites with explants or fibroblasts also shortens the clock period, whereas malaria infection does not. We propose that <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic> causes an advanced circadian rhythm disorder, previously associated only with mutations in clock genes, which leads to changes in the timing of sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02484-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T16:07:44Z","timestamp":1514563664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Sleeping sickness is a circadian disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4003-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Rijo-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Sanches-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui M","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa M.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0384-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2484_CR1","first-page":"257","volume":"6","author":"JR Franco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franco, J. 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