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However, providing sufficient numbers of authentic cells from individuals poses a challenge. Here, we present a new strategy for rapid cell expansion that overcomes current limitations. Using a small gene library, we expanded primary cells from different tissues, donors, and species. Cell-type-specific regimens that allow the reproducible creation of cell lines were identified. In depth characterization of a series of endothelial and hepatocytic cell lines confirmed phenotypic stability and functionality. Applying this technology enables rapid, efficient, and reliable production of unlimited numbers of personalized cells. 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M., H.H.A., F.K., R.S., and J.Z. filed a patent for the technology described in this work (International patent application WO\/2012\/059223). T.M. and R.S. are shareholders of InSCREENeX GmbH, which commercializes immortalized cell lines developed by the technology described in this work. T.M., R.S., J.Z., T.T., and M.L. are employees of InSCREENeX GmbH. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"994"}}