{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:37:35Z","timestamp":1778305055578,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The neuromodulator serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in a variety of functions that involve patience or impulse control. Many of these effects are consistent with a long-standing theory that 5-HT promotes behavioral inhibition, a motivational bias favoring passive over active behaviors. To further test this idea, we studied the impact of 5-HT in a probabilistic foraging task, in which mice must learn the statistics of the environment and infer when to leave a depleted foraging site for the next. Critically, mice were required to actively nose-poke in order to exploit a given site. We show that optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus increases the willingness of mice to actively attempt to exploit a reward site before giving up. These results indicate that behavioral inhibition is not an adequate description of 5-HT function and suggest that a unified account must be based on a higher-order function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03438-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T07:56:58Z","timestamp":1519977418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Activation of serotonin neurons promotes active persistence in a probabilistic foraging task"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5852-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eran","family":"Lottem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dhruba","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Vertechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Sarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9781-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthijs oude","family":"Lohuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zachary F.","family":"Mainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3438_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.12.006","volume":"195","author":"AV Terry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Terry, A. V., Buccafusco, J. J. & Wilson, C. Cognitive dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders: selected serotonin receptor subtypes as therapeutic targets. Behav. Brain Res. 195, 30\u201338 (2008).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"3438_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931903","volume":"60","author":"M Pytliak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pytliak, M., Vargov\u00e1, V., Mech\u00edrov\u00e1, V. & Fel\u0161\u00f6ci, M. Serotonin receptors - from molecular biology to clinical applications. Physiol. Res. 60, 15\u201325 (2011).","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"3438_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00022871","volume":"9","author":"P Soubri\u00e9","year":"1986","unstructured":"Soubri\u00e9, P. Reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons in human and animal behavior. Behav. Brain Sci. 9, 319 (1986).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"3438_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(79)90166-7","volume":"10","author":"RJ Beninger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Beninger, R. J. & Phillips, A. G. Possible involvement of serotonin in extinction. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 10, 37\u201341 (1979).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"3438_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(79)90036-4","volume":"18","author":"NC Tye","year":"1979","unstructured":"Tye, N. C., Iversen, S. D. & Green, A. R. The effects of benzodiazepines and serotonergic manipulations on punished responding. Neuropharmacology 18, 689\u2013695 (1979).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"3438_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429182","volume":"60","author":"EW Thornton","year":"1978","unstructured":"Thornton, E. W. & Goudie, A. J. Evidence for the role of serotonin in the inhibition of specific motor responses. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 60, 73\u201379 (1978).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"3438_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28566-4","volume":"173","author":"FG Graeff","year":"1970","unstructured":"Graeff, F. G. & Schoenfeld, R. I. Tryptaminergic mechanisms in punished and nonpunished behavior. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 173, 277\u2013283 (1970).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"3438_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.8","volume":"18","author":"JW Dalley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dalley, J. W. & Robbins, T. W. Fractionating impulsivity: neuropsychiatric implications. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 158\u2013171 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.08.007","volume":"92","author":"K Basar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Basar, K. et al. Nucleus accumbens and impulsivity. Prog. Neurobiol. 92, 533\u2013557 (2010).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3438_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.10.011","volume":"12","author":"R Cools","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cools, R., Roberts, A. C. & Robbins, T. W. Serotoninergic regulation of emotional and behavioural control processes. Trends Cogn. Sci. 12, 31\u201340 (2008).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"3438_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.41","volume":"3","author":"A Bari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bari, A., Dalley, J. W. & Robbins, T. W. The application of the 5-choice serial reaction time task for the assessment of visual attentional processes and impulse control in rats. Nat. Protoc. 3, 759\u2013767 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"3438_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050410","volume":"133","author":"AA Harrison","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harrison, A. A., Everitt, B. J. & Robbins, T. W. Central 5-HT depletion enhances impulsive responding without affecting the accuracy of attentional performance: interactions with dopaminergic mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 133, 329\u2013342 (1997).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"3438_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8232-6","volume":"45","author":"K Miyazaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miyazaki, K., Miyazaki, K. W. & Doya, K. The role of serotonin in the regulation of patience and impulsivity. Mol. Neurobiol. 45, 213\u2013224 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3438_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3714-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"K Miyazaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miyazaki, K., Miyazaki, K. W. & Doya, K. Activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons underlies waiting for delayed rewards. J. Neurosci. 31, 469\u2013479 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.07.041","volume":"24","author":"KW Miyazaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miyazaki, K. W. et al. Optogenetic activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons enhances patience for future rewards. Curr. Biol. 24, 2033\u20132040 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"3438_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.12.002","volume":"25","author":"MS Fonseca","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fonseca, M. S., Murakami, M. & Mainen, Z. F. Activation of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons promotes waiting but is not reinforcing. Curr. Biol. 25, 306\u2013315 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"3438_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1037\/h0032198","volume":"21","author":"W Mischel","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B. & Raskoff Zeiss, A. Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 21, 204\u2013218 (1972).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"3438_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00507.2009","volume":"102","author":"SP Ranade","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ranade, S. P. & Mainen, Z. F. Transient firing of dorsal raphe neurons encodes diverse and specific sensory, motor, and reward events. J. Neurophysiol. 102, 3026\u20133037 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"3438_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10503","volume":"7","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus encode reward signals. Nat. Commun. 7, 10503 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"3438_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[2061:OFMMPU]2.0.CO;2","volume":"81","author":"DW Morris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morris, D. W. & Davidson, D. L. Optimally foraging mice match patch use with habitat differences in fitness. Ecology 81, 2061\u20132066 (2000).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"3438_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arh031","volume":"15","author":"JL Orrock","year":"2004","unstructured":"Orrock, J. L., Danielson, B. J. & Brinkerhoff, R. J. Rodent foraging is affected by indirect, but not by direct, cues of predation risk. Behav. Ecol. 15, 433\u2013437 (2004).","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"3438_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00020847","volume":"8","author":"E Fantino","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fantino, E. & Abarca, N. Choice, optimal foraging, and the delay-reduction hypothesis. Behav. Brain Sci. 8, 315\u2013330 (1985).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"3438_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8308","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220738110","volume":"110","author":"AM Wikenheiser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wikenheiser, A. M., Stephens, D. W. & Redish, A. D. Subjective costs drive overly patient foraging strategies in rats on an intertemporal foraging task. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 8308\u20138313 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"3438_CR24","unstructured":"Kane G.A., Bornstein A.M., Shenhav A., Wilson R.C., Daw N.D. & Cohen J.D. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. (eds, G. Gunzelmann, A. Howes, T. Tenbrink, & E. Davelaar) 637\u2013642 (Austin, TX, Cognitive Science Society, 2017)."},{"key":"3438_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(76)90040-X","volume":"9","author":"EL Charnov","year":"1976","unstructured":"Charnov, E. L. Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theor. Popul. Biol. 9, 129\u2013136 (1976).","journal-title":"Theor. Popul. Biol."},{"key":"3438_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-005-0131-7","volume":"60","author":"E Wajnberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wajnberg, E., Bernhard, P., Hamelin, F. & Boivin, G. Optimal patch time allocation for time-limited foragers. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 60, 1\u201310 (2006).","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"3438_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105941","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105941","volume":"9","author":"GP Dugu\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dugu\u00e9, G. P. et al. Optogenetic recruitment of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons acutely decreases mechanosensory responsivity in behaving mice. PLoS ONE 9, e105941 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3438_CR28","first-page":"673","volume":"85","author":"A Oaten","year":"1977","unstructured":"Oaten, A. Optimal foraging in patches: a case for stochasticity. Theor. Popul. Biol. 85, 673\u2013690 (1977).","journal-title":"Theor. Popul. Biol."},{"key":"3438_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1086\/283929","volume":"119","author":"JN McNair","year":"1982","unstructured":"McNair, J. N. Optimal giving up times and the marginal value theorem. Am. Nat. 119, 511\u2013529 (1982).","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"3438_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(74)90018-9","volume":"22","author":"JR Krebs","year":"1974","unstructured":"Krebs, J. R., Ryan, J. C. & Charnov, E. L. Hunting by expectation or optimal foraging? Anim. Behav. 22, 953\u2013964 (1974).","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"3438_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","volume":"34","author":"DR Cox","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cox, D. R., Society, S. & Methodological, S. B. Regression models and life-tables. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 34, 187\u2013220 (1972).","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"3438_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2307\/4376","volume":"54","author":"P Haccou","year":"1985","unstructured":"Haccou, P. & Hemerik, L. The influence of larval dispersal in the cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) on predation by the red wood ant (Formica polyctena): an analysis based on the proportional hazards model. J. Anim. Ecol. 54, 755\u2013769 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"3438_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/11.6.577","volume":"11","author":"E Wajnberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wajnberg, E., Fauvergue, X. & Pons, O. Patch leaving decision rules and the Marginal Value Theorem: an experimental analysis and a simulation model. Behav. Ecol. 11, 577\u2013586 (2000).","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"3438_CR34","first-page":"597","volume":"33","author":"B Tenhumberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tenhumberg, B., Keller, M. A. & Possingham, H. P. Using Cox\u2019 s proportional hazard models to implement optimal strategies: an example from behavioural ecology 2. Wasp behaviour model. Behaviour 33, 597\u2013607 (2001).","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"3438_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038","volume":"30","author":"JI Gold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gold, J. I. & Shadlen, M. N. The neural basis of decision making. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 30, 535\u2013574 (2007).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3377","volume":"16","author":"AY Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, A. Y., Miura, K. & Uchida, N. The dorsomedial striatum encodes net expected return, critical for energizing performance vigor. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 639\u2013647 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.15.110184.002515","volume":"15","author":"GH Pyke","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pyke, G. H. Optimal foraging: a critical review. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15, 523\u2013575 (1984).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"3438_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.2.274","volume":"95","author":"PR Killeen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Killeen, P. R. & Fetterman, J. G. A behavioral theory of timing. Psychol. Rev. 95, 274\u2013295 (1988).","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"3438_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1006\/lmot.2001.1110","volume":"33","author":"A Kacelnik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kacelnik, A. & Brunner, D. Timing and foraging: Gibbon\u2019s scalar expectancy theory and optimal patch exploitation. Learn. Motiv. 33, 177\u2013195 (2002).","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"3438_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000014","volume":"123","author":"P Simen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simen, P., Vlasov, K. & Papadakis, S. Scale (in)variance in a unified diffusion model of decision making and timing. Psychol. Rev. 123, 151\u2013181 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"3438_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233912","volume":"340","author":"BW Brunton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brunton, B. W., Botvinick, M. M. & Brody, C. D. Rats and humans can optimally accumulate evidence for decision-making. Science 340, 95\u201398 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3438_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.4.1916","volume":"86","author":"MN Shadlen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shadlen, M. N. & Newsome, W. T. Neural basis of a perceptual decision in the parietal cortex (area LIP) of the rhesus monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 86, 1916\u20131936 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"3438_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E618","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317557111","volume":"111","author":"JW de Gee","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Gee, J. W., Knapen, T. & Donner, T. H. Decision-related pupil dilation reflects upcoming choice and individual bias. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, E618\u2013E625 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"3438_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, P. R., Vandekerckhove, J. & Nieuwenhuis, S. Pupil-linked arousal determines variability in perceptual decision making. PLoS Comput. Biol. 10, e1003854 (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003854"},{"key":"3438_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2066","volume":"11","author":"MFS Rushworth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rushworth, M. F. S. & Behrens, T. E. J. Choice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 11, 389\u2013397 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matias, S., Lottem, E., Dugu\u00e9, G. P. & Mainen, Z. F. Activity patterns of serotonin neurons underlying cognitive flexibility. Elife 6, e20552 (2017).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.20552"},{"key":"3438_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.08.037","volume":"8","author":"RA McDevitt","year":"2014","unstructured":"McDevitt, R. A. et al. Serotonergic versus nonserotonergic dorsal raphe projection neurons: differential participation in reward circuitry. Cell Rep. 8, 1857\u20131869 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"3438_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia, P. A. et al. Transient inhibition and long-term facilitation of locomotion by phasic optogenetic activation of serotonin neurons. Elife 6, e20975 (2017).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.20975"},{"key":"3438_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.010","volume":"81","author":"Z Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, Z. et al. Dorsal raphe neurons signal reward through 5-HT and glutamate. Neuron 81, 1360\u20131374 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3438_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.151","volume":"36","author":"YL Boureau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boureau, Y. L. & Dayan, P. Opponency revisited: competition and cooperation between dopamine and serotonin. Neuropsychopharmacology 36, 74\u201397 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3438_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135607","volume":"32","author":"P Dayan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dayan, P., & Huys, Q. J. M. Serotonin in affective control. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 32, 95\u2013126 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11993","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2513-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"MJ Crockett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crockett, M. J., Clark, L. & Robbins, T. W. Reconciling the role of serotonin in behavioral inhibition and aversion: acute tryptophan depletion abolishes punishment-induced inhibition in humans. J. Neurosci. 29, 11993\u201311999 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.75","volume":"37","author":"MJ Crockett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Crockett, M. J., Clark, L., Apergis-Schoute, A. M., Morein-Zamir, S. & Robbins, T. W. Serotonin modulates the effects of pavlovian aversive predictions on response vigor. Neuropsychopharmacology 37, 2244\u20132252 (2012).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3438_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11617","volume":"492","author":"MR Warden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Warden, M. R. et al. A prefrontal cortex-brainstem neuronal projection that controls response to behavioural challenge. Nature 492, 428\u2013432 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3438_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S00332917020070","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702007018","volume":"33","author":"FC Murphy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murphy, F. C., Michael, A., Robbins, T. W. & Sahakian, B. J. Neuropsychological impairment in patients with major depressive disorder: the effects of feedback on task performance. Psychol. Med. 33, 455-467 (2003).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"3438_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.08.030","volume":"80","author":"HEM den Ouden","year":"2013","unstructured":"den Ouden, H. E. M. et al. Dissociable effects of dopamine and serotonin on reversal learning. Neuron 80, 1090\u20131100 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3438_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094987","volume":"304","author":"HF Clarke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clarke, H. F. Cognitive inflexibility after prefrontal serotonin depletion. Science 304, 878\u2013880 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3438_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80141-9","volume":"7","author":"BL Jacobs","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jacobs, B. L. & Fornal, C. A. Serotonin and motor activity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7, 820\u2013825 (1997).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3438_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.001","volume":"154","author":"SW Flavell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flavell, S. W. et al. Serotonin and the neuropeptide PDF initiate and extend opposing behavioral states in C. elegans. Cell 154, 1023\u20131035 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3438_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.055","volume":"167","author":"T Kawashima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kawashima, T., Zwart, M. F., Yang, C. T., Mensh, B. D. & Ahrens, M. B. The serotonergic system tracks the outcomes of actions to mediate short-term motor learning. Cell 167, 933\u2013946 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3438_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9817","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2707-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"S Gong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gong, S. et al. Targeting Cre recombinase to specific neuron populations with bacterial artificial chromosome constructs. J. Neurosci. 27, 9817\u20139823 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3438_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2015.00007","volume":"9","author":"G Lopes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lopes, G. et al. Bonsai: an event-based framework for processing and controlling data streams. Front. Neuroinform. 9, 7 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"3438_CR63","unstructured":"Paxinos, G. & Franklin, K. Paxinos and Franklin\u2019s the Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates\u00a0(Elsevier, USA 2004)."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-018-03438-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-018-03438-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-018-03438-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1751428897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-018-03438-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-03438-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/170472","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1000"}}