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We characterise IR56d, which defines two anatomically-distinct neuron classes in the proboscis: one responds to carbonated solutions and fatty acids while the other represents a subset of sugar- and fatty acid-sensing cells. Mutational analysis indicates that IR56d, together with the broadly-expressed co-receptors IR25a and IR76b, is essential for physiological responses to carbonation and fatty acids, but not sugars. We further demonstrate that carbonation and fatty acids both promote IR56d-dependent attraction of flies, but through different behavioural outputs. Our work provides a toolkit for investigating taste functions of IRs, defines a subset of these receptors required for carbonation sensing, and illustrates how the gustatory system uses combinatorial expression of sensory molecules in distinct neurons to coordinate behaviour.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06453-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T09:39:48Z","timestamp":1538991588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["An expression atlas of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors identifies a molecular basis of carbonation sensing"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Alca\u00f1iz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Florencia","family":"Silbering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Croset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Zappia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anantha Krishna","family":"Sivasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Abuin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saumya Yashmohini","family":"Sahai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"M\u00fcnch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Steck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas O.","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steeve","family":"Cruchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G. 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