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The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>only weakly correlates with realised N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>, but contributes to explain realised net N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>and show that potential soil net N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised N<jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12948-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T11:08:43Z","timestamp":1572520123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0531-8336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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