{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:00:11Z","timestamp":1776373211493,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Arctic marine biome, shrinking with increasing temperature and receding sea-ice cover, is tightly connected to lower latitudes through the North Atlantic. By flowing northward through the European Arctic Corridor (the main Arctic gateway where 80% of in- and outflow takes place), the North Atlantic Waters transport most of the ocean heat, but also nutrients and planktonic organisms toward the Arctic Ocean. Using satellite-derived altimetry observations, we reveal an increase, up to two-fold, in North Atlantic current surface velocities over the last 24 years. More importantly, we show evidence that the North Atlantic current and its variability shape the spatial distribution of the coccolithophore <jats:italic>Emiliania huxleyi<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Ehux<\/jats:italic>), a tracer for temperate ecosystems. We further demonstrate that bio-advection, rather than water temperature as previously assumed, is a major mechanism responsible for the recent poleward intrusions of southern species like <jats:italic>Ehux<\/jats:italic>. Our findings confirm the biological and physical \u201cAtlantification\u201d of the Arctic Ocean with potential alterations of the Arctic marine food web and biogeochemical cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15485-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T10:02:55Z","timestamp":1586167375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Faster Atlantic currents drive poleward expansion of temperate phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7939-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Oziel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Baudena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ardyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Massicotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Randelhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.-B.","family":"Sall\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. B.","family":"Ingvaldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9446-0005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Devred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Babin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"15485_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-010-0839-3","volume":"33","author":"P Wassmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wassmann, P., Slagstad, D. & Ellingsen, I. Primary production and climatic variability in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean prior to 2007: preliminary results. Polar Biol. 33, 1641\u20131650 (2010).","journal-title":"Polar Biol."},{"key":"15485_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-017-0009-5","volume":"7","author":"J Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang, J. et al. Recently amplified arctic warming has contributed to a continual global warming trend. Nat. Clim. Chang 7, 875\u2013879 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang"},{"key":"15485_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103001","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aade56","volume":"13","author":"J Stroeve","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stroeve, J. & Notz, D. Changing state of Arctic sea ice across all seasons. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 103001 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"15485_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5194\/os-12-169-2016","volume":"12","author":"L Oziel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oziel, L., Sirven, J. & Gascard, J. C. The Barents Sea frontal zones and water masses variability (1980\u20132011). Ocean Sci. 12, 169\u2013184 (2016).","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4736","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-11-00466.1","volume":"25","author":"M \u00c5rthun","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00c5rthun, M., Eldevik, T., Smedsrud, L. H., Skagseth, \u00d8ystein & Ingvaldsen, R. B. Quantifying the influence of atlantic heat on barents sea ice variability and retreat. J. Clim. 25, 4736\u20134743 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"15485_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/rog.20017","volume":"51","author":"LH Smedsrud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smedsrud, L. H. et al. The role of the Barents Sea in the Arctic Climate System. Rev. Geophys. 51, 415\u2013449 (2013).","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"15485_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0025.1","volume":"30","author":"VS Lien","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lien, V. S., Schlichtholz, P., Skagseth, \u00d8. & Vikeb\u00f8, F. B. Wind-driven Atlantic water flow as a direct mode for reduced Barents Sea ice cover. J. Clim. 30, 803\u2013812 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"15485_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai8204","volume":"356","author":"IV Polyakov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polyakov, I. V. et al. Greater role for Atlantic inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Science 356, 285\u2013291 (2017).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"15485_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2005.05.006","volume":"59","author":"P Wassmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wassmann, P., Slagstad, D., Riser, C. W. & Reigstad, M. Modelling the ecosystem dynamics of the Barents Sea including the marginal ice zone. J. Mar. Syst. 59, 1\u201324 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"15485_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-4383-2013","volume":"10","author":"M Ardyna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ardyna, M. et al. Parameterization of vertical chlorophyll a in the Arctic Ocean: impact of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum on regional, seasonal, and annual primary production estimates. Biogeosciences 10, 4383\u20134404 (2013).","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"15485_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-4087-2013","volume":"10","author":"S B\u00e9langer","year":"2013","unstructured":"B\u00e9langer, S., Babin, M. & Tremblay, J.-\u00c9. Increasing cloudiness in Arctic damps the increase in phytoplankton primary production due to sea ice receding. Biogeosciences 10, 4087\u20134101 (2013).","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"15485_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095273","volume":"9","author":"P Dalpadado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dalpadado, P. et al. Productivity in the Barents Sea - Response to Recent Climate Variability. PLoS ONE 9, e95273\u00a0(2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"15485_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2007.11.011","volume":"74","author":"EN Hegseth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hegseth, E. N. & Sundfjord, A. Intrusion and blooming of Atlantic phytoplankton species in the high Arctic. J. Mar. Syst. 74, 108\u2013119 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"15485_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbt110","volume":"36","author":"A Winter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winter, A., Henderiks, J., Beaufort, L., Rickaby, R. E. M. & Brown, C. W. Poleward expansion of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. J. Plankton Res. 36, 316\u2013325 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"15485_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JC012582","volume":"122","author":"L Oziel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oziel, L. et al. Role for Atlantic inflows and sea ice loss on shifting phytoplankton blooms in the Barents Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean 122, 5121\u20135139 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean"},{"key":"15485_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14075","volume":"24","author":"G Neukermans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neukermans, G., Oziel, L. & Babin, M. Increased intrusion of warming Atlantic water leads to rapid expansion of temperate phytoplankton in the Arctic. Glob. Chang. Biol. 24, 2545\u20132553 (2018).","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"15485_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2647","volume":"5","author":"M Fossheim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fossheim, M. et al. Recent warming leads to a rapid borealization of fish communities in the Arctic. Nat. Clim. Chang. 5, 673\u2013677 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"15485_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2013.775450","volume":"9","author":"RB Ingvaldsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ingvaldsen, R. B. & Gj\u00f8s\u00e6ter, H. Responses in spatial distribution of Barents Sea capelin to changes in stock size, ocean temperature and ice cover. Mar. Biol. Res. 9, 867\u2013877 (2013).","journal-title":"Mar. Biol. Res."},{"key":"15485_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2016.12.009","volume":"151","author":"E Eriksen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eriksen, E., Skjoldal, H. R., Gj\u00f8s\u00e6ter, H. & Primicerio, R. Spatial and temporal changes in the Barents Sea pelagic compartment during the recent warming. Prog. Oceanogr. 151, 206\u2013226 (2017).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsx033","volume":"74","author":"A Olszewska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olszewska, A. et al. Interannual zooplankton variability in the main pathways of the Atlantic water flow into the Arctic Ocean (Fram Strait and Barents Sea branches). ICES J. Mar. Sci. 74, 1921\u20131936 (2017).","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2419.2003.00219.x","volume":"12","author":"A Edvardsen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Edvardsen, A., Slagstad, D., Tande, K. S. & Jaccard, P. Assessing zooplankton advection in the Barents Sea using underway measurements and modelling. Fish. Oceanogr. 12, 61\u201374 (2003).","journal-title":"Fish. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2016.10.004","volume":"149","author":"GL Hunt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hunt, G. L. et al. Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems. Prog. Oceanogr. 149, 40\u201381 (2016).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.06.011","volume":"139","author":"P Wassmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wassmann, P. et al. The contiguous domains of Arctic Ocean advection: trails of life and death. Prog. Oceanogr. 139, 42\u201365 (2015).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00001","volume":"5","author":"A Sundfjord","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sundfjord, A. et al. Seasonal variation in transport of zooplankton Into the Arctic basin through the Atlantic gateway, Fram Strait. Front. Mar. Sci. 5, 1\u201322 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00458","volume":"6","author":"P Wassmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wassmann, P., Slagstad, D., Ellingsen, I. & Ross, R. M. Advection of Mesozooplankton Into the Northern Svalbard Shelf Region. Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 1\u201310 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2015.00085","volume":"2","author":"D Slagstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slagstad, D., Wassmann, P. F. J. & Ellingsen, I. Physical constrains and productivity in the future Arctic Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 2, 1\u201323 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrc.20126","volume":"118","author":"EE Popova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Popova, E. E., Yool, A., Aksenov, Y. & Coward, A. C. Role of advection in Arctic Ocean lower trophic dynamics: a modeling perspective. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean 118, 1571\u20131586 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean"},{"key":"15485_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2006.10.004","volume":"71","author":"E Carmack","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carmack, E. & Wassmann, P. Food webs and physical-biological coupling on pan-Arctic shelves: unifying concepts and comprehensive perspectives. Prog. Oceanogr. 71, 446\u2013477 (2006).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00583","volume":"6","author":"M Vernet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vernet, M. et al. Influence of phytoplankton advection on the productivity along the Atlantic Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 583 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balch, W. M. Re-evaluation of the physiological ecology of coccolithophores. Coccolithophores 165\u2013190 (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-06278-4_7"},{"key":"15485_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-40-6-503.1","volume":"40","author":"E Paasche","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paasche, E. A review of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae), with particular reference to growth, coccolith formation, and calcification-photosynthesis interactions. Phycologia 40, 503\u2013529 (2001).","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"15485_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-15-3541-2018","volume":"15","author":"NA Gafar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gafar, N. A. & Schulz, K. G. A three-dimensional niche comparison of Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica: Reconciling observations with projections. Biogeosciences 15, 3541\u20133560 (2018).","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"15485_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-7963(96)00018-8","volume":"9","author":"G Bratbak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bratbak, G., Wilson, W. & Heldal, M. Viral control of Emiliania huxleyi blooms? J. Mar. Syst. 9, 75\u201381 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"15485_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19327","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208895109","volume":"109","author":"A Vardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vardi, A. et al. Host-virus dynamics and subcellular controls of cell fate in a natural coccolithophore population. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 19327\u201319332 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"15485_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.07.017","volume":"466\u2013467","author":"A Highfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Highfield, A., Evans, C., Walne, A., Miller, P. I. & Schroeder, D. C. How many Coccolithovirus genotypes does it take to terminate an Emiliania huxleyi bloom? Virology 466\u2013467, 138\u2013145 (2014).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"15485_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1962.10410259","volume":"6","author":"G Berge","year":"1962","unstructured":"Berge, G. Discoloration of the sea due to coccolithus huxleyi \u201cbloom\u201d. Sarsia 6, 27\u201340 (1962).","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"15485_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyrrell, T. & Merico, A. in Coccolithophores (eds. Thierstein, H. R. et al.) 75\u201397 (Springer, 2004).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-06278-4_4"},{"key":"15485_CR38","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"E Birkenes","year":"1952","unstructured":"Birkenes, E. Phytoplankton in the Oslo Fjord during a \u2018Coccolithus huxleyi-summer\u2019. Avh. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo I. Mat. Nat. Kl. 2, 1\u201323 (1952).","journal-title":"Avh. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo I. Mat. Nat. Kl."},{"key":"15485_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2008.04.011","volume":"55","author":"VMT Garcia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garcia, V. M. T. et al. Environmental factors controlling the phytoplankton blooms at the Patagonia shelf-break in spring. Deep. Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 55, 1150\u20131166 (2008).","journal-title":"Deep. Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap."},{"key":"15485_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.04.055","volume":"216","author":"RP Raj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raj, R. P. et al. Quantifying Atlantic Water transport to the Nordic Seas by remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ. 216, 758\u2013769 (2018).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"15485_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2505","volume":"4","author":"VS Lien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lien, V. S., Vikeb\u00f8, F. B. & Skagseth, \u00d8. One mechanism contributing to co-variability of the Atlantic inflow branches to the Arctic. Nat. Commun. 4, 1488 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"15485_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114777","volume":"309","author":"H H\u00e1t\u00fan","year":"2005","unstructured":"H\u00e1t\u00fan, H., Sande, A. B., Drange, H., Hansen, B. & Valdimarsson, H. Ocean science: influence of the atlantic subpolar gyre on the thermohaline circulation. Science 309, 1841\u20131844 (2005).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"15485_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2827","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. The North Atlantic Oscillation as a driver of rapid climate change in the Northern Hemisphere. Nat. Geosci. 9, 509\u2013512 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"15485_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL037695","volume":"36","author":"SR Signorini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Signorini, S. R. & McClain, C. R. Environmental factors controlling the Barents Sea spring-summer phytoplankton blooms. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, 1\u20135 (2009).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"15485_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2854","volume":"10","author":"U Riebesell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riebesell, U. et al. Competitive fitness of a predominant pelagic calcifier impaired by ocean acidification. Nat. Geosci. 10, 19\u201323 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"15485_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-122414-034032","volume":"9","author":"AR Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor, A. R., Brownlee, C. & Wheeler, G. Coccolithophore cell biology: chalking up progress. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 9, 283\u2013310 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10295","volume":"476","author":"L Beaufort","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beaufort, L. et al. Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification. Nature 476, 80\u201383 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"15485_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GB002318","volume":"19","author":"B Delille","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delille, B. et al. Response of primary production and calcification to changes of pCO2 during experimental blooms of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19, 1\u201314 (2005).","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"15485_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GB001765","volume":"16","author":"C Klaas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klaas, C. & Archer, D. E. Association of sinking organic matter with various types of mineral ballast in the deep sea: Implications for the rain ratio. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 16, 63-1\u201363\u201314 (2002).","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"15485_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumann, M. in Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarcti pp. 437\u2013445 (Springer, Netherlands, 1990).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2029-3_24"},{"key":"15485_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fss063","volume":"69","author":"P Dalpadado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dalpadado, P. et al. Climate effects on Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 69, 1303\u20131316 (2012).","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0205-y","volume":"8","author":"S Lind","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lind, S., Ingvaldsen, R. & Furevik, T. Arctic warming hotspot in the northern Barents Sea linked to declining sea-ice import. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 634\u2013639 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"15485_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valiela, I. Coastal altimetry. Marine Ecological Processes 189-416 (Springer, 1995).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4125-4"},{"key":"15485_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2006.08.002","volume":"72","author":"K Olli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olli, K. et al. The fate of production in the central Arctic Ocean\u2014top-down regulation by zooplankton expatriates? Prog. Oceanogr. 72, 84\u2013113 (2007).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR55","first-page":"10767","volume":"23","author":"B Rudels","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rudels, B., Jones, E. P., Schauer, U. & Eriksson, P. Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean halocline. Polar Res. 23, 10767 (2003).","journal-title":"Polar Res."},{"key":"15485_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1029\/93GB01731","volume":"7","author":"PM Holligan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Holligan, P. M. et al. A biogeochemical study of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Atlantic. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 7, 879\u2013900 (1993).","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"15485_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbn075","volume":"30","author":"S Kaartvedt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaartvedt, S. Photoperiod may constrain the effect of global warming in arctic marine systems. J. Plankton Res. 30, 1203\u20131206 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"15485_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.10.007","volume":"159","author":"KM Krumhardt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krumhardt, K. M., Lovenduski, N. S., Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D. & Kleypas, J. A. Coccolithophore growth and calcification in a changing ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 159, 276\u2013295 (2017).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.07.008","volume":"139","author":"WJ Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams, W. J. & Carmack, E. C. The \u2018interior\u2019 shelves of the Arctic Ocean: physical oceanographic setting, climatology and effects of sea-ice retreat on cross-shelf exchange. Prog. Oceanogr. 139, 24\u201341 (2015).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marmicro.2009.04.001","volume":"72","author":"J Backman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Backman, J., Fornaciari, E. & Rio, D. Biochronology and paleoceanography of late Pleistocene and Holocene calcareous nannofossil abundances across the Arctic Basin. Mar. Micropaleontol. 72, 86\u201398 (2009).","journal-title":"Mar. Micropaleontol."},{"key":"15485_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20151546","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.1546","volume":"282","author":"S Kortsch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kortsch, S., Primicerio, R., Fossheim, M., Dolgov, A. V. & Aschan, M. Climate change alters the structure of arctic marine food webs due to poleward shifts of boreal generalists. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 282, 20151546 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12202","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706080114","volume":"114","author":"A Frainer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frainer, A. et al. Climate-driven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 12202\u201312207 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"15485_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fss007","volume":"69","author":"F Rey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rey, F. Declining silicate concentrations in the Norwegian and Barents Seas. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 69, 208\u2013212 (2012).","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14837-4","volume":"7","author":"H H\u00e1t\u00fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00e1t\u00fan, H. et al. The subpolar gyre regulates silicate concentrations in the North Atlantic. Sci. Rep. 7, 1\u20139 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"15485_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy063","volume":"75","author":"PE Renaud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Renaud, P. E. et al. Pelagic food-webs in a changing Arctic: a trait-based perspective suggests a mode of resilience. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 75, 1871\u20131881 (2018).","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2015.00029","volume":"3","author":"B Bogstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bogstad, B., Gj\u00f8s\u00e6ter, H., Haug, T. & Lindstr\u00f8m, U. A review of the battle for food in the Barents Sea: Cod vs. marine mammals. Front. Ecol. Evol. 3, 29 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"15485_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0420-1","volume":"9","author":"G Beaugrand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beaugrand, G. et al. Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean. Nat. Clim. Chang 9, 237\u2013243 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang"},{"key":"15485_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.12.007","volume":"160","author":"RA Woodgate","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woodgate, R. A. Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data. Prog. Oceanogr. 160, 124\u2013154 (2018).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"15485_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.5194\/os-6-901-2010","volume":"6","author":"KA Mork","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mork, K. A. & Skagseth, \u00d8ystein. A quantitative description of the Norwegian Atlantic current by combining altimetry and hydrography. Ocean Sci. 6, 901\u2013911 (2010).","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"15485_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vignudelli, S., Kostianoy, A. G., Cipollini, P. & Benveniste, J. Coastal altimetry. 389\u2013413 (Springer 2011).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12796-0"},{"key":"15485_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JC007557","volume":"117","author":"DL Volkov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volkov, D. L. & Pujol, M.-I. I. Quality assessment of a satellite altimetry data product in the Nordic, Barents, and Kara seas. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean 117, 1\u201318 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean"},{"key":"15485_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI1824.1","volume":"20","author":"RW Reynolds","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reynolds, R. W. et al. Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature. J. Clim. 20, 5473\u20135496 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"15485_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012025","volume":"28","author":"HR Gordon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gordon, H. R. et al. Retrieval of coccolithophore calcite concentration from SeaWiFS imagery. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1587\u20131590 (2001).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"15485_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JC002560","volume":"110","author":"WM Balch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balch, W. M., Gordon, H. R., Bowler, B. C., Drapeau, D. T. & Booth, E. S. Calcium carbonate measurements in the surface global ocean based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean 110, 1\u201321 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean"},{"key":"15485_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/09670269810001736513","volume":"33","author":"E Paasche","year":"1998","unstructured":"Paasche, E. Roles of nitrogen and phosphorus in coccolith formation in Emiliania Huxleyi (prymnesiophyceae). Eur. J. Phycol. 33, 33\u201342 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"15485_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borman, A. H., De Jong, E. W., Huizinga, M. & Westbroek, P. in Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation 303\u2013305 (Springer, Netherlands, 1983).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7944-4_28"},{"key":"15485_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1989.tb05528.x","volume":"36","author":"P Westbroek","year":"1989","unstructured":"Westbroek, P., Young, J. R. & Linshooten, K. Coccolith production (Biomineralization) in the Marine Alga Emiliania huxleyi. J. Protozool. 36, 368\u2013373 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"15485_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/09670260701664674","volume":"43","author":"Y Feng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feng, Y. et al. Interactive effects of increased pCO2, temperature and irradiance on the marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae). Eur. J. Phycol. 43, 87\u201398 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"15485_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2014.11.012","volume":"98","author":"CV Dylmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dylmer, C. V., Giraudeau, J., Hanquiez, V. & Husum, K. The coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus: Extant populations from the Norwegian-Iceland Seas and Fram Strait. Deep. Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 98, 1\u20139 (2015).","journal-title":"Deep. Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap."},{"key":"15485_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2016.02.012","volume":"158","author":"J Giraudeau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giraudeau, J. et al. A survey of the summer coccolithophore community in the western Barents Sea. J. Mar. Syst. 158, 93\u2013105 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"15485_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2012.07.002","volume":"130","author":"EK Hovland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hovland, E. K. et al. Optical impact of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom in the frontal region of the Barents Sea. J. Mar. Syst. 130, 228\u2013240 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"15485_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GB004919","volume":"29","author":"J Hopkins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hopkins, J., Henson, S. A., Painter, S. C., Tyrrell, T. & Poulton, A. J. Phenological characteristics of global coccolithophore blooms. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 29, 239\u2013253 (2015).","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"15485_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2013.07.007","volume":"66","author":"DL Volkov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Volkov, D. L., Landerer, F. W. & Kirillov, S. A. The genesis of sea level variability in the Barents Sea. Cont. Shelf Res. 66, 92\u2013104 (2013).","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"15485_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JC001811","volume":"109","author":"RB Ingvaldsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ingvaldsen, R. B., Asplin, L. & Loeng, H. Velocity field of the western entrance to the Barents Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean 109, 1\u201312 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-15485-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-15485-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-15485-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T20:17:06Z","timestamp":1670271426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-15485-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["15485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-15485-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1705"}}