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Covalent functionalization strategies have been proposed as an approach to tailor the interfaces\u2019 structure and properties. However, to date, none of the proposed methods allow for a covalent functionalization with control over the grafting density, layer thickness and\/or morphology, which are key aspects for fine-tuning the processability and performance of graphenic materials. Here, we show that the no-slip boundary condition at the walls of a continuous flow microfluidic device offers a way to generate controlled chemical gradients onto a graphenic material with 2D and 3D control, a possibility that will allow the sophisticated functionalization of these technologically-relevant materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34684-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T16:03:27Z","timestamp":1668614607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Covalent transfer of chemical gradients onto a graphenic surface with 2D and 3D control"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Semih","family":"Sevim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2836-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0286-0202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Seibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1476-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-San-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donghoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0147-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Pan\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8779-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago Sotto","family":"Mayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0909-9292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"De Feyter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Puigmart\u00ed-Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"34684_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5424.83","volume":"285","author":"PJ Kenis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kenis, P. 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