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The damage-tolerant, double-bouligand architecture found in the coelacanth fish scale is comprised of collagen fibrils helically arranged in a bilayer manner. Here, we exploit the toughening mechanisms of double-bouligand designs by engineering architected concrete using a large-scale two-component robotic additive manufacturing process. The process enables intricate fabrication of the architected concrete components at large-scale. The double-bouligand designs are benchmarked against bouligand and conventional rectilinear counterparts and monolithic casts. In contrast to cast concrete, double-bouligand design demonstrates a non-brittle response and a rising R-curve, due to a hypothesized bilayer crack shielding mechanism. In addition, interlocking behind and crack deflection ahead of the crack tip in bilayer double-bouligand architected concrete elicits a 63% increase in fracture toughness compared to cast counterparts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51640-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T17:02:55Z","timestamp":1724950975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Tough double-bouligand architected concrete enabled by robotic additive manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Arjun","family":"Prihar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shashank","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hadi S.","family":"Esmaeeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3117-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Moini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"51640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4089","volume":"14","author":"UGK Wegst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wegst, U. 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