{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:54:46Z","timestamp":1777373686572,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM132120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM132120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death among infectious diseases globally, is caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mtb). The pathogenicity of Mtb is largely attributed to its complex cell envelope, which includes a class of glycolipids called phosphatidyl-\n                    <jats:italic>myo<\/jats:italic>\n                    -inositol mannosides (PIMs). These glycolipids maintain the integrity of the cell envelope, regulate permeability, and mediate host-pathogen interactions. PIMs comprise a phosphatidyl-\n                    <jats:italic>myo<\/jats:italic>\n                    -inositol core decorated with one to six mannose residues and up to four acyl chains. The mannosyltransferase PimE catalyzes the transfer of the fifth PIM mannose residue from a polyprenyl phosphate-mannose (PPM) donor. This step contributes to the proper assembly and function of the mycobacterial cell envelope; however, the structural basis for substrate recognition and the catalytic mechanism of PimE remain poorly understood. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of PimE from\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in its apo and product-bound form. The structures reveal a distinctive binding cavity that accommodates both donor and acceptor substrates\/products. Key residues involved in substrate coordination and catalysis were identified and validated via in vitro assays and in vivo complementation, while molecular dynamics simulations delineated access pathways and binding dynamics. Our integrated approach provides comprehensive insights into PimE function and informs potential strategies for anti-TB therapeutics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57843-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:04:19Z","timestamp":1745903059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechanistic studies of mycobacterial glycolipid biosynthesis by the mannosyltransferase PimE"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2281-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2006-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3277-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rodrigo N.","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8694-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satchal","family":"Erramilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Belcher Dufrisne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0130-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Kloss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8291-7722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Giacometti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina G.","family":"Tim\u00f3teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Tokarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4503-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary J.","family":"Cater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd L.","family":"Lowary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4514-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasu S.","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Kossiakoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8050-9485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8800-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip J.","family":"Stansfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0425-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rie","family":"Nygaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Mancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"57843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.08.006","volume":"100","author":"TM Daniel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daniel, T. M. The history of tuberculosis. Respir. Med. 100, 1862\u20131870 (2006).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"57843_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000160","volume":"4","author":"T Wirth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wirth, T. et al. Origin, spread and demography of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. PLoS Pathog. 4, e1000160 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"57843_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024 Global Tuberculosis Report (WHO, 2024)."},{"key":"57843_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirillo, J. D. & Kong, Y. Tuberculosis Host-Pathogen Interactions (Springer International Publishing, 2019).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-25381-3"},{"key":"57843_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(91)90120-Y","volume":"142","author":"MR McNeil","year":"1991","unstructured":"McNeil, M. R. & Brennan, P. J. Structure, function and biogenesis of the cell envelope of mycobacteria in relation to bacterial physiology, pathogenesis and drug resistance; some thoughts and possibilities arising from recent structural information. Res. Microbiol. 142, 451\u2013463 (1991).","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"57843_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(91)90116-R","volume":"142","author":"G Lan\u00e9elle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lan\u00e9elle, G. & Daff\u00e9, M. Myeobacterial cell wall and pathogenicity: a lipodologist\u2019 s view. Res. Microbiol. 142, 433\u2013437 (1991).","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"57843_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021113","volume":"5","author":"LJ Alderwick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alderwick, L. J., Harrison, J., Lloyd, G. S. & Birch, H. L. The mycobacterial cell wall\u2014peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 5, 1\u201316 (2015).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"57843_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18867","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.739227","volume":"291","author":"AE Grzegorzewicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grzegorzewicz, A. E. et al. Assembling of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall core. J. Biol. Chem. 291, 18867\u201318879 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20190324","volume":"476","author":"R Kalscheuer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kalscheuer, R. et al. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis capsule: a cell structure with key implications in pathogenesis. Biochem. J. 476, 1995\u20132016 (2019).","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"57843_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30092","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004658200","volume":"275","author":"M Jackson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jackson, M., Crick, D. C. & Brennan, P. J. Phosphatidylinositol is an essential phospholipid of mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 30092\u201330099 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.11.011","volume":"21","author":"H Marrakchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marrakchi, H., Lan\u00e9elle, M. A. & Daff\u00e9, M. Mycolic acids: structures, biosynthesis, and beyond. Chem. Biol. 21, 67\u201385 (2014).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12718-4","volume":"7","author":"L Chiaradia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiaradia, L. et al. Dissecting the mycobacterial cell envelope and defining the composition of the native mycomembrane. Sci. Rep. 7, 1\u201312 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"57843_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0273-7","volume":"18","author":"CL Dulberger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dulberger, C. L., Rubin, E. J. & Boutte, C. C. The mycobacterial cell envelope \u2014 a moving target. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 18, 47\u201359 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"57843_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709530105","volume":"105","author":"C Hoffmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoffmann, C., Leis, A., Niederweis, M., Plitzko, J. M. & Engelhardt, H. Disclosure of the mycobacterial outer membrane: cryo-electron tomography and vitreous sections reveal the lipid bilayer structure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 3963\u20133967 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57843_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021105","volume":"4","author":"M Jackson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackson, M. The mycobacterial cell envelope-lipids. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 4, 1\u201322 (2014).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"57843_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"215","author":"RE Lee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lee, R. E., Brennan, P. J. & Besra, G. S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 215, 1\u201327 (1996).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"57843_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00472-12","volume":"4","author":"T Fukuda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fukuda, T. et al. Critical roles for lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan in cell wall integrity of mycobacteria and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. mBio 4, 8\u201310 (2013).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"57843_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/10409238.2014.925420","volume":"49","author":"SK Angala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Angala, S. K., Belardinelli, J. M., Huc-Claustre, E., Wheat, W. H. & Jackson, M. The cell envelope glycoconjugates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 49, 361\u2013399 (2014).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33577","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.168328","volume":"285","author":"ME Guerin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guerin, M. E., Kordul\u00e1kov\u00e1, J., Alzari, P. M., Brennan, P. J. & Jackson, M. Molecular basis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside biosynthesis and regulation in mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 33577\u201333583 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.11.002","volume":"1862","author":"E Sancho-Vaello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sancho-Vaello, E., Albesa-Jov\u00e9, D., Rodrigo-Unzueta, A. & Guerin, M. E. Structural basis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides biosynthesis in mycobacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1862, 1355\u20131367 (2017).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"57843_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(03)00048-8","volume":"85","author":"J Nigou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nigou, J., Gilleron, M. & Puzo, G. Lipoarabinomannans: from structure to biosynthesis. Biochimie 85, 153\u2013166 (2003).","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"57843_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/8.2.113","volume":"8","author":"D Chatterjee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chatterjee, D. & Khoo, K. H. Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan: an extraordinary lipoheteroglycan with profound physiological effects. Glycobiology 8, 113\u2013120 (1998).","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"57843_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04183.x","volume":"53","author":"V Briken","year":"2004","unstructured":"Briken, V., Porcelli, S. A., Besra, G. S. & Kremer, L. Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and related lipoglycans: from biogenesis to modulation of the immune response. Mol. Microbiol. 53, 391\u2013403 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"57843_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.09.005","volume":"96","author":"G K\u00e4llenius","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00e4llenius, G., Correia-Neves, M., Buteme, H., Hamasur, B. & Svenson, S. B. Lipoarabinomannan, and its related glycolipids, induce divergent and opposing immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis depending on structural diversity and experimental variations. Tuberculosis 96, 120\u2013130 (2016).","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"57843_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36285","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303639200","volume":"278","author":"J Kordul\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kordul\u00e1kov\u00e1, J. et al. Identification of the required acyltransferase step in the biosynthesis of the phosphatidylinositol mannosides of Mycobacterium species. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 36285\u201336295 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20705","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702087200","volume":"282","author":"ME Guerin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guerin, M. E. et al. Molecular recognition and interfacial catalysis by the essential phosphatidylinositol mannosyltransferase PimA from mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 20705\u201320714 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31335","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204060200","volume":"277","author":"J Kordul\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kordul\u00e1kov\u00e1, J. et al. Definition of the first mannosylation step in phosphatidylinositol mannoside synthesis: PimA is essential for growth of mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 31335\u201331344 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06265.x","volume":"68","author":"AK Mishra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mishra, A. K. et al. Identification of a novel \u03b1(1\u21926) mannopyranosyltransferase MptB from Corynebacterium glutamicum by deletion of a conserved gene, NCgl1505, affords a lipomannan- and lipoarabinomannan-deficient mutant. Mol. Microbiol. 68, 1595\u20131613 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"57843_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3630437","volume":"363","author":"L Kremer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kremer, L. et al. Characterization of a putative \u03b1-mannosyltransferase involved in phosphatidylinositol trimannoside biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochem. J. 363, 437\u2013447 (2002).","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"57843_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25143","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M604214200","volume":"281","author":"YS Morita","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morita, Y. S. et al. PimE is a polyprenol-phosphate-mannose-dependent mannosyltransferase that transfers the fifth mannose of phosphatidylinositol mannoside in mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 25143\u201325155 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwm010","volume":"17","author":"S Berg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berg, S., Kaur, D., Jackson, M. & Brennan, P. J. The glycosyltransferases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - roles in the synthesis of arabinogalactan, lipoarabinomannan, and other glycoconjugates. Glycobiology 17, 35\u201356R (2007).","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"57843_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18824","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400791200","volume":"279","author":"DC Alexander","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alexander, D. C., Jones, J. R. W., Tan, T., Chen, J. M. & Liu, J. PimF, a mannosyltransferase of mycobacteria, is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol mannosides and lipoarabinomannan. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 18824\u201318833 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42124","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507500200","volume":"280","author":"A Burgui\u00e8re","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burgui\u00e8re, A. et al. LosA, a key glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of a novel family of glycosylated acyltrehalose lipooligosaccharides from Mycobacterium marinum. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 42124\u201342133 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9011","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511709200","volume":"281","author":"S Kovacevic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kovacevic, S. et al. Identification of a novel protein with a role in lipoarabinomannan biosynthesis in mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 9011\u20139017 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/8.10.955","volume":"8","author":"BA Wolucka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wolucka, B. A. & De Hoffmann, E. Isolation and characterization of the major form of polyprenyl-phospho-mannose from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Glycobiology 8, 955\u2013962 (1998).","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"57843_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattacharje, G., Ghosh A. & Das A. K. Deciphering the mannose transfer mechanism of mycobacterial PimE by molecular dynamics simulations. Glycobiology. 34, cwad096 (2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwad096"},{"key":"57843_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020107","volume":"365","author":"SS Gurcha","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gurcha, S. S. et al. Ppm1, a novel polyprenol monophosphomannose synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochem. J. 365, 441\u2013450 (2002).","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"57843_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(73)90011-8","volume":"316","author":"K Takayama","year":"1973","unstructured":"Takayama, K., Schnoes, H. K. & Semmler, E. J. Characterization of the alkali-stable mannophospholipids of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 316, 212\u2013221 (1973).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"57843_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01334","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01334-17","volume":"61","author":"W Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu, W. et al. Chemical genetic interaction profiling reveals determinants of intrinsic antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 61, e01334\u201317 (2017).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"57843_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fny025","volume":"365","author":"WJ Eagen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eagen, W. J., Baumoel, L. R., Osman, S. H., Rahlwes, K. C. & Morita, Y. S. Deletion of PimE mannosyltransferase results in increased copper sensitivity in Mycobacterium smegmatis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 365, 1\u20138 (2018).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"57843_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00200-08","volume":"190","author":"PK Crellin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crellin, P. K. et al. Mutations in pimE restore lipoarabinomannan synthesis and growth in a Mycobacterium smegmatis lpqW mutant. J. Bacteriol. 190, 3690\u20133699 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"57843_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2020.05.009","volume":"64","author":"R Nygaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nygaard, R., Kim, J. & Mancia, F. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of small membrane proteins. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 64, 26\u201333 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/2472555220960401","volume":"26","author":"TM de Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Oliveira, T. M., van Beek, L., Shilliday, F., Debreczeni, J. & Phillips, C. Cryo-EM: the resolution revolution and drug discovery. SLAS Discov. 26, 17\u201331 (2021).","journal-title":"SLAS Discov."},{"key":"57843_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crstbi.2022.09.005","volume":"4","author":"K Wentinck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wentinck, K., Gogou, C. & Meijer, D. H. Putting on molecular weight: enabling cryo-EM structure determination of sub-100-kDa proteins. Curr. Res. Struct. Biol. 4, 332\u2013337 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paduch, M. & Kossiakoff, A. A. Generating conformation and complex-specific synthetic antibodies. Methods Mol. Biol. 1575, 93\u2013119 (2017).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6857-2_6"},{"key":"57843_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W351","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw357","volume":"44","author":"L Holm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holm, L. & Laakso, L. M. Dali server update. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, W351\u2013W355 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"57843_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2023.102547","volume":"79","author":"JAN Alexander","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alexander, J. A. N. & Locher, K. P. Emerging structural insights into C-type glycosyltransferases. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 79, 102547 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zinkle, A. P., Morgan, R. T., Nygaard, R. & Mancia, F. Structural insights into polyisoprenyl-binding glycosyltransferases. Structure https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.str.2025.01.003 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2025.01.003"},{"key":"57843_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2044-z","volume":"579","author":"JS Bloch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bloch, J. S. et al. Structure and mechanism of the ER-based glucosyltransferase ALG6. Nature 579, 443\u2013447 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"57843_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad1172","volume":"351","author":"VI Petrou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petrou, V. I. et al. Structural biology: structures of aminoarabinose transferase ArnT suggest a molecular basis for lipid A glycosylation. Science 351, 608\u2013612 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"57843_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34534-0","volume":"8","author":"M Napi\u00f3rkowska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Napi\u00f3rkowska, M., Boilevin, J., Darbre, T., Reymond, J. L. & Locher, K. P. Structure of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase PglB bound to a reactive LLO and an inhibitory peptide. Sci. Rep. 8, 1\u20139 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"57843_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302858120","volume":"120","author":"Y Gong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gong, Y. et al. Structure of the priming arabinosyltransferase AftA required for AG biosynthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, 1\u20137 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57843_CR53","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Y Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. Molecular insights into biogenesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor proteins. Nat. Commun. 13, 1\u201313 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"57843_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.458","volume":"2","author":"RN Nobre","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nobre, R. N. et al. Production and purification of phosphatidylinositol mannosides from Mycobacterium smegmatis biomass. Curr. Protoc. 2, 1\u201322 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"57843_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6769","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00431-09","volume":"191","author":"H Scherman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scherman, H. et al. Identification of a polyprenylphosphomannosyl synthase involved in the synthesis of mycobacterial mannosides. J. Bacteriol. 191, 6769\u20136772 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"57843_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0350-2","volume":"15","author":"KW Moremen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moremen, K. W. & Haltiwanger, R. S. Emerging structural insights into glycosyltransferase-mediated synthesis of glycans. Nat. Chem. Biol. 15, 853\u2013864 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwj016","volume":"16","author":"C Breton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breton, C., \u0160najdrov\u00e1, L., Jeanneau, C., Ko\u010da, J. & Imberty, A. Structures and mechanisms of glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 16, 29\u201337 (2006).","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"57843_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.76.061005.092322","volume":"77","author":"LL Lairson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lairson, L. L., Henrissat, B., Davies, G. J. & Withers, S. G. Glycosyl transferases: structures, functions, and mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 77, 521\u2013555 (2008).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"57843_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24631","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024631","volume":"6","author":"N Court","year":"2011","unstructured":"Court, N. et al. Mycobacterial PIMs inhibit host inflammatory responses through CD14-dependent and CD14-independent mechanisms. PLoS ONE 6, e24631 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"57843_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060839","volume":"12","author":"LA Ramon-Luing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramon-Luing, L. A., Palacios, Y., Ruiz, A., T\u00e9llez-Navarrete, N. A. & Chavez-Galan, L. Virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as modulators of cell death mechanisms. Pathogens 12, 839 (2023).","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"57843_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3491","volume":"24","author":"M Napi\u00f3rkowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Napi\u00f3rkowska, M. et al. Molecular basis of lipid-linked oligosaccharide recognition and processing by bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 24, 1100\u20131106 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37741","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.165407","volume":"285","author":"SM Batt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Batt, S. M. et al. Acceptor substrate discrimination in phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside synthesis: structural and mutational analysis of mannosyltransferase Corynebacterium glutamicum PimB\u2032. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 37741\u201337752 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25687","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.030593","volume":"284","author":"ME Guerin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guerin, M. E. et al. New insights into the early steps of phosphatidylinositol mannoside biosynthesis in mycobacteria: PimB\u2032 is an essential enzyme of Mycobacterium smegmatis. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 25687\u201325696 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"57843_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2012.06.007","volume":"22","author":"C Breton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Breton, C., Fournel-Gigleux, S. & Palcic, M. M. Recent structures, evolution and mechanisms of glycosyltransferases. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 22, 540\u2013549 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bruni, R. & Kloss, B. High-throughput cloning and expression of integral membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471140864.ps2906s74.High-throughput (2014).","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140864.ps2906s74.High-throughput"},{"key":"57843_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2005.03.010","volume":"151","author":"C Suloway","year":"2005","unstructured":"Suloway, C. et al. Automated molecular microscopy: the new Leginon system. J. Struct. Biol. 151, 41\u201360 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2002","volume":"18","author":"SS Rizk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rizk, S. S. et al. Allosteric control of ligand-binding affinity using engineered conformation-specific effector proteins. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18, 437\u2013444 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043746","volume":"7","author":"KR Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller, K. R. et al. T cell receptor-like recognition of tumor in vivo by synthetic antibody fragment. PLoS ONE 7, 1\u201314 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"57843_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2015.11.014","volume":"24","author":"PK Dominik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dominik, P. K. et al. Conformational chaperones for structural studies of membrane proteins using antibody phage display with nanodiscs. Structure 24, 300\u2013309 (2016).","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"57843_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1795-x","volume":"576","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, J. et al. Structure and drug resistance of the Plasmodium falciparum transporter PfCRT. Nature 576, 315\u2013320 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"57843_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4169","volume":"14","author":"A Punjani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Punjani, A., Rubinstein, J. L., Fleet, D. J. & Brubaker, M. A. CryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination. Nat. Methods 14, 290\u2013296 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"57843_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444904019158","volume":"60","author":"P Emsley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Emsley, P. & Cowtan, K. Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 60, 2126\u20132132 (2004).","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"57843_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm477","volume":"23","author":"L Slabinski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Slabinski, L. et al. XtalPred: a web server for prediction of protein crystallizability. Bioinformatics 23, 3403\u20133405 (2007).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"57843_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909042073","volume":"66","author":"VB Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, V. B. et al. MolProbity: all-atom structure validation for macromolecular crystallography. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 66, 12\u201321 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"57843_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925","volume":"66","author":"PD Adams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams, P. D. et al. PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 66, 213\u2013221 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"57843_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02531316","volume":"5","author":"G Rouser","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rouser, G., Fleischer, S. & Yamamoto, A. Two dimensional thin layer chromatographic separation of polar lipids and determination of phospholipids by phosphorus analysis of spots. Lipids 5, 494\u2013496 (1970).","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"57843_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9154-9_6","volume":"1954","author":"KC Rahlwes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rahlwes, K. C., Puffal, J. & Morita, Y. S. Purification and analysis of mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides, lipomannan, and lipoarabinomannan. Methods Mol. Biol. 1954, 59\u201375 (2019).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"57843_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(91)04027-L","volume":"204","author":"WR Jacobs Jr.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jacobs, W. R. Jr. et al. Genetic systems for mycobacteria. Methods Enzymol. 204, 537\u2013555 (1991).","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"57843_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5400","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525165113","volume":"113","author":"JM Hayashi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hayashi, J. M. et al. Spatially distinct and metabolically active membrane domain in mycobacteria. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 5400\u20135405 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57843_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7387","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.3c00547","volume":"19","author":"L Borges-Ara\u00fajo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borges-Ara\u00fajo, L. et al. Martini 3 coarse-grained force field for carbohydrates. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 19, 7387\u20137404 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput"},{"key":"57843_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01098-3","volume":"18","author":"PCT Souza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Souza, P. C. T. et al. Martini 3: a general purpose force field for coarse-grained molecular dynamics. Nat. Methods 18, 382\u2013388 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"57843_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, C. M. et al. Supramolecular organization and dynamics of mannosylated phosphatidylinositol lipids in the mycobacterial plasma membrane. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2212755120 (2023).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212755120"},{"key":"57843_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29836-x","volume":"13","author":"AO Oluwole","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oluwole, A. O. et al. Peptidoglycan biosynthesis is driven by lipid transfer along enzyme-substrate affinity gradients. Nat. Commun. 13, 1\u201312 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"57843_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alessandri, R. et al. Martini 3 coarse-grained force field: small molecules. Adv. Theory Simul. 5, 2100391 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/adts.202100391"},{"key":"57843_CR85","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"PC Kroon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kroon, P. C. et al. Martinize2 and Vermouth: unified framework for topology generation. Elife 12, 1\u201339 (2023).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"57843_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.5b00209","volume":"11","author":"TA Wassenaar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wassenaar, T. A., Ing\u00f3lfsson, H. I., B\u00f6ckmann, R. A., Tieleman, D. P. & Marrink, S. J. Computational lipidomics with insane: a versatile tool for generating custom membranes for molecular simulations. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 11, 2144\u20132155 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput."},{"key":"57843_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0020514","volume":"153","author":"M Bernetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernetti, M. & Bussi, G. Pressure control using stochastic cell rescaling. J. Chem. Phys. 153, 1\u201311 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"57843_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2408420","volume":"126","author":"Giovanni Bussi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bussi, G., Donadio, D. & Parrinello, M. Canonical sampling through velocity rescaling. J. Chem. Phys. 126, 014101 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"57843_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","volume":"1\u20132","author":"MJ Abraham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abraham, M. J. et al. Gromacs: high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers. SoftwareX 1\u20132, 19\u201325 (2015).","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"57843_CR90","unstructured":"Lindahl, Abraham, Hess, & van der Spoel. GROMACS 2021.4 source code. https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/5636567 (2021)."},{"key":"57843_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2013.09.018","volume":"185","author":"GA Tribello","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tribello, G. A., Bonomi, M., Branduardi, D., Camilloni, C. & Bussi, G. PLUMED 2: new feathers for an old bird. Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 604\u2013613 (2014).","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"57843_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"JD Hunter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunter, J. D. MATPLOTLIB: a 2D graphics environment. Comput. Sci. Eng. 9, 90\u201395 (2007).","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"57843_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6472","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.1c00295","volume":"17","author":"ON Vickery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vickery, O. N. & Stansfeld, P. J. CG2AT2: an enhanced fragment-based approach for serial multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 17, 6472\u20136482 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput"},{"key":"57843_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang J. et al. CHARMM36m: an improved force field for folded and intrinsically disordered proteins. Nat Methods. 14, 71\u201373 (2017).","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4067"},{"key":"57843_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.8b01066","volume":"15","author":"J Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. CHARMM-GUI membrane builder for complex biological membrane simulations with glycolipids and lipoglycans. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15, 775\u2013786 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput."},{"key":"57843_CR96","first-page":"105","volume":"98","author":"R Gowers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gowers, R. et al. MDAnalysis: a Python package for the rapid analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. Proc. 15th Python Sci. Conf. 98, 105 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. 15th Python Sci. Conf."},{"key":"57843_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1021\/ct100578z","volume":"7","author":"MHM Olsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olsson, M. H. M., S\u00d8ndergaard, C. R., Rostkowski, M. & Jensen, J. H. PROPKA3: consistent treatment of internal and surface residues in empirical p K a predictions. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 7, 525\u2013537 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput"},{"key":"57843_CR98","unstructured":"DeLano, W. L. PyMOL: an open-source molecular graphics tool. https:\/\/www.ccp4.ac.uk\/newsletters\/newsletter40\/11_pymol.pdf (2002)."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57843-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57843-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57843-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:04:27Z","timestamp":1745903067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57843-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["57843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-57843-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.09.17.613550","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3974"}}